Sync docs and metadata for practice exercises (#2644)

exercises/practice/leap/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -1,22 +1,3 @@
 # Instructions
 
-Given a year, report if it is a leap year.
-
-The tricky thing here is that a leap year in the Gregorian calendar occurs:
-
-```text
-on every year that is evenly divisible by 4
-  except every year that is evenly divisible by 100
-    unless the year is also evenly divisible by 400
-```
-
-For example, 1997 is not a leap year, but 1996 is.
-1900 is not a leap year, but 2000 is.
-
-## Notes
-
-Though our exercise adopts some very simple rules, there is more to learn!
-
-For a delightful, four minute explanation of the whole leap year phenomenon, go watch [this youtube video][video].
-
-[video]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX96xng7sAE
+Your task is to determine whether a given year is a leap year.

exercises/practice/leap/.docs/introduction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Introduction
+
+A leap year (in the Gregorian calendar) occurs:
+
+- In every year that is evenly divisible by 4
+- Unless the year is evenly divisible by 100, in which case it's only a leap year if the year is also evenly divisible by 400.
+
+Some examples:
+
+- 1997 was not a leap year as it's not divisible by 4.
+- 1900 was not a leap year as it's not divisible by 400
+- 2000 was a leap year!
+
+~~~~exercism/note
+For a delightful, four minute explanation of the whole phenomenon of leap years, check out [this youtube video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX96xng7sAE).
+~~~~

exercises/practice/leap/.meta/config.json

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       "build.gradle"
     ]
   },
-  "blurb": "Given a year, report if it is a leap year.",
+  "blurb": "Determine whether a given year is a leap year.",
   "source": "CodeRanch Cattle Drive, Assignment 3",
   "source_url": "https://coderanch.com/t/718816/Leap"
 }

exercises/practice/perfect-numbers/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -2,22 +2,38 @@
 
 Determine if a number is perfect, abundant, or deficient based on Nicomachus' (60 - 120 CE) classification scheme for positive integers.
 
-The Greek mathematician [Nicomachus][nicomachus] devised a classification scheme for positive integers, identifying each as belonging uniquely to the categories of **perfect**, **abundant**, or **deficient** based on their [aliquot sum][aliquot-sum].
-The aliquot sum is defined as the sum of the factors of a number not including the number itself.
+The Greek mathematician [Nicomachus][nicomachus] devised a classification scheme for positive integers, identifying each as belonging uniquely to the categories of [perfect](#perfect), [abundant](#abundant), or [deficient](#deficient) based on their [aliquot sum][aliquot-sum].
+The _aliquot sum_ is defined as the sum of the factors of a number not including the number itself.
 For example, the aliquot sum of `15` is `1 + 3 + 5 = 9`.
 
-- **Perfect**: aliquot sum = number
-  - 6 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 3) = 6
-  - 28 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14) = 28
-- **Abundant**: aliquot sum > number
-  - 12 is an abundant number because (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6) = 16
-  - 24 is an abundant number because (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12) = 36
-- **Deficient**: aliquot sum < number
-  - 8 is a deficient number because (1 + 2 + 4) = 7
-  - Prime numbers are deficient
-
-Implement a way to determine whether a given number is **perfect**.
-Depending on your language track, you may also need to implement a way to determine whether a given number is **abundant** or **deficient**.
+## Perfect
+
+A number is perfect when it equals its aliquot sum.
+For example:
+
+- `6` is a perfect number because `1 + 2 + 3 = 6`
+- `28` is a perfect number because `1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28`
+
+## Abundant
+
+A number is abundant when it is less than its aliquot sum.
+For example:
+
+- `12` is an abundant number because `1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16`
+- `24` is an abundant number because `1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 = 36`
+
+## Deficient
+
+A number is deficient when it is greater than its aliquot sum.
+For example:
+
+- `8` is a deficient number because `1 + 2 + 4 = 7`
+- Prime numbers are deficient
+
+## Task
+
+Implement a way to determine whether a given number is [perfect](#perfect).
+Depending on your language track, you may also need to implement a way to determine whether a given number is [abundant](#abundant) or [deficient](#deficient).
 
 [nicomachus]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomachus
 [aliquot-sum]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquot_sum

exercises/practice/pythagorean-triplet/.meta/config.json

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
       "build.gradle"
     ]
   },
-  "blurb": "There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. Find the product a * b * c.",
+  "blurb": "There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. Find the triplet.",
   "source": "Problem 9 at Project Euler",
   "source_url": "https://projecteuler.net/problem=9"
 }

exercises/practice/queen-attack/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -8,18 +8,14 @@ A chessboard can be represented by an 8 by 8 array.
 
 So if you are told the white queen is at `c5` (zero-indexed at column 2, row 3) and the black queen at `f2` (zero-indexed at column 5, row 6), then you know that the set-up is like so:
 
-```text
-  a b c d e f g h
-8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8
-7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7
-6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6
-5 _ _ W _ _ _ _ _ 5
-4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
-3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3
-2 _ _ _ _ _ B _ _ 2
-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1
-  a b c d e f g h
-```
+![A chess board with two queens. Arrows emanating from the queen at c5 indicate possible directions of capture along file, rank and diagonal.](https://assets.exercism.org/images/exercises/queen-attack/queen-capture.svg)
 
 You are also able to answer whether the queens can attack each other.
 In this case, that answer would be yes, they can, because both pieces share a diagonal.
+
+## Credit
+
+The chessboard image was made by [habere-et-dispertire][habere-et-dispertire] using LaTeX and the [chessboard package][chessboard-package] by Ulrike Fischer.
+
+[habere-et-dispertire]: https://exercism.org/profiles/habere-et-dispertire
+[chessboard-package]: https://github.com/u-fischer/chessboard

exercises/practice/rest-api/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ Your task is to implement a simple [RESTful API][restful-wikipedia] that receive
 [restful-wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer
 [iou]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOU
 [github-rest]: https://developer.github.com/v3/
-[reddit-rest]: https://www.reddit.com/dev/api/
+[reddit-rest]: https://web.archive.org/web/20231202231149/https://www.reddit.com/dev/api/
 [restfulapi]: https://restfulapi.net/

exercises/practice/spiral-matrix/.meta/config.json

@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@
   },
   "blurb": "Given the size, return a square matrix of numbers in spiral order.",
   "source": "Reddit r/dailyprogrammer challenge #320 [Easy] Spiral Ascension.",
-  "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/6i60lr/20170619_challenge_320_easy_spiral_ascension/"
+  "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230607064729/https://old.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/6i60lr/20170619_challenge_320_easy_spiral_ascension/"
 }

exercises/practice/transpose/.meta/config.json

@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@
   },
   "blurb": "Take input text and output it transposed.",
   "source": "Reddit r/dailyprogrammer challenge #270 [Easy].",
-  "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/4msu2x/challenge_270_easy_transpose_the_input_text"
+  "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230630051421/https://old.reddit.com/r/dailyprogrammer/comments/4msu2x/challenge_270_easy_transpose_the_input_text/"
 }