Adding type annotations and enabling auto-scoping (#10173)

- Renamed `Missing_Required_Argument` to `Missing_Argument`, and added `throw` method.
- Add default widget to `Case_Sensitivity.Insensitive locale`.
- Switch to auto scoping for `parse_type_selector`.
- Add type annotation to various simple typed arguments in `Table` and `DB_Table`.
- Altered `Filter_Condition` to have `Missing_Argument` for all non-defaulted arguments.
- Added resolution of `Column_Ref` passed as auto-scoped to `Table_Ref`.
- Altered `Simple_Calculation` to have `Missing_Argument` for all non-defaulted arguments.
- Altered `Join_Condition` to have `Missing_Argument` for all non-defaulted arguments.
- Altered `Sort_Column` to have `Missing_Argument` for all non-defaulted arguments.
- Altered `Aggregate_Column` to have `Missing_Argument` for all non-defaulted arguments.

**rename_columns:**
![image](https://github.com/enso-org/enso/assets/4699705/08aaba0f-687a-450c-9781-8eadc062bd50)

**aggregate:**
![image](https://github.com/enso-org/enso/assets/4699705/c29e7944-1a1c-4020-9fe0-528d874b8049)

**join:**
![image](https://github.com/enso-org/enso/assets/4699705/50038166-e56d-48c5-9eeb-bd46fa415e46)

**set:**
![image](https://github.com/enso-org/enso/assets/4699705/bee2462a-dafb-4bd4-b102-ec73edb4fb93)

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Data/Filter_Condition.enso

@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ import project.Data.Text.Text
 import project.Data.Vector.Vector
 import project.Error.Error
 import project.Errors.Common.Incomparable_Values
+import project.Errors.Common.Missing_Argument
 import project.Errors.Illegal_Argument.Illegal_Argument
 import project.Function.Function
 import project.Meta
 import project.Nothing.Nothing
+import project.Panic.Panic
 from project.Data.Boolean import Boolean, False, True
 from project.Data.Filter_Condition.Filter_Condition import all
 from project.Data.Text.Extensions import all
@@ -22,25 +24,25 @@ polyglot java import org.enso.base.Regex_Utils
 
 type Filter_Condition
     ## Is less than a value (or another column, in case of Table operations)?
-    Less than:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Less than=(Missing_Argument.throw "than") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is less than or equal to a value (or another column, in case of Table operations)?
-    Equal_Or_Less than:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Equal_Or_Less than=(Missing_Argument.throw "than") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is equal to a value (or another column, in case of Table operations)?
-    Equal to:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Equal to=(Missing_Argument.throw "to") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is greater than or equal to a value (or another column, in case of Table operations)?
-    Equal_Or_Greater than:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Equal_Or_Greater than=(Missing_Argument.throw "than") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is greater than a value (or another column, in case of Table operations)?
-    Greater than:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Greater than=(Missing_Argument.throw "than") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is not equal to a value (or another column, in case of Table operations)?
-    Not_Equal to:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Not_Equal to=(Missing_Argument.throw "to") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is between (inclusive) two values (or columns, in case of Table operations)?
-    Between lower:Any upper:Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Between lower=(Missing_Argument.throw "lower") upper=(Missing_Argument.throw "upper") action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is equal to another value, ignoring case (Text only)?
 
@@ -55,31 +57,31 @@ type Filter_Condition
          This ensures that different ways of expressing the same character in
          the underlying binary representation are considered equal.
     @locale Locale.default_widget
-    Equal_Ignore_Case (to : Text | Any) (locale:Locale=Locale.default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Equal_Ignore_Case (to = (Missing_Argument.throw "to")) (locale:Locale=Locale.default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Does the value start with a prefix (Text only)?
 
        ? Table Operations
          It accepts a Text value to check if the value contains it. In case of
          Table operations, it can accept another column - then the corresponding
          values from the source column and the provided column are checked.
-    Starts_With (prefix : Text | Any) (case_sensitivity:Case_Sensitivity=Case_Sensitivity.Default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Starts_With (prefix = (Missing_Argument.throw "prefix")) (case_sensitivity:Case_Sensitivity=Case_Sensitivity.Default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Does the value end with a suffix (Text only)?
 
        ? Table Operations
          It accepts a Text value to check if the value contains it. In case of
          Table operations, it can accept another column - then the corresponding
          values from the source column and the provided column are checked.
-    Ends_With (suffix : Text | Any) (case_sensitivity:Case_Sensitivity=Case_Sensitivity.Default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Ends_With (suffix = (Missing_Argument.throw "suffix")) (case_sensitivity:Case_Sensitivity=Case_Sensitivity.Default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Does the value contain the substring (Text only)?
 
        ? Table Operations
          It accepts a Text value to check if the value contains it. In case of
          Table operations, it can accept another column - then the corresponding
          values from the source column and the provided column are checked.
-    Contains (substring : Text | Any) (case_sensitivity:Case_Sensitivity=Case_Sensitivity.Default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Contains (substring = (Missing_Argument.throw "substring")) (case_sensitivity:Case_Sensitivity=Case_Sensitivity.Default) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is equal to Nothing?
     Is_Nothing action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ type Filter_Condition
          Due to this limitation, Unicode normalization has been disabled for
          this function, so beware that some equivalent graphemes like 'ś' and
          's\u0301' will not be matched.
-    Like (pattern : Text | Any) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Like (pattern = (Missing_Argument.throw "pattern")) action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
 
     ## Is the value contained in `values`?
 
@@ -141,7 +143,16 @@ type Filter_Condition
          Using Columns can be particularly useful for Database operations, as
          uploading a temporary table and using its column for an `Is_In` check
          will likely be faster than using the vector directly.
-    Is_In values:Vector|Any action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+    Is_In values=[] action:Filter_Action=Filter_Action.Keep
+
+    ## PRIVATE
+       Resolves a possibly auto-scoped value to a concrete value.
+    resolve_auto_scoped : Any -> Any
+    resolve_auto_scoped filter =
+        resolve filter:Filter_Condition = filter
+        case filter of
+            _ : Function -> Panic.catch Any  (resolve filter) _->filter
+            _ -> filter
 
     ## ICON convert
        Converts a `Filter_Condition` condition into a predicate taking an
@@ -295,43 +306,15 @@ unify_condition_or_predicate : Filter_Condition | (Any -> Boolean) -> (Any -> Bo
 unify_condition_or_predicate (condition_or_predicate : Filter_Condition | (Any -> Boolean)) =
     case condition_or_predicate of
         condition : Filter_Condition -> condition.to_predicate
-        predicate -> handle_constructor_missing_arguments predicate predicate
+        predicate -> predicate
 
 ## PRIVATE
 unify_condition_predicate_or_element condition =
     case condition of
         condition : Filter_Condition -> condition.to_predicate
-        predicate : Function -> handle_constructor_missing_arguments predicate predicate
+        predicate : Function -> predicate
         element -> (== element)
 
-## PRIVATE
-   Checks if the given `function` is actually a `Filter_Condition` constructor
-   that is just missing arguments. If so, it will report a more friendly error.
-   Otherwise it will run the `continuation`.
-handle_constructor_missing_arguments function ~continuation =
-    is_filter_condition_constructor = case Meta.meta function of
-        constructor : Meta.Constructor ->
-            constructor.declaring_type == Meta.meta Filter_Condition
-        ## Special case for multi-argument constructors with some but not all
-           arguments applied.
-
-           For example, `Meta.meta (Filter_Condition.Between 10)` will return a `Meta.Primitive`.
-           We rely on its text representation being of the form `Filter_Condition.Between[Filter_Condition.enso:41-343]`.
-        _ : Meta.Primitive ->
-            text = function.to_text
-            prefix = "Filter_Condition."
-            if (text.starts_with prefix && text.contains "[Filter_Condition.enso:") . not then False else
-                ## The additional check for capital letter is needed, because otherwise, we get false positives:
-                   `(Filter_Condition.Greater 1).to_predicate` evaluates to function whose text representation
-                   may start with `Filter_Condition.handle_nothing`. Such functions are not constructors.
-                constructor_letter = text.get prefix.length ""
-                constructor_letter >= "A" && constructor_letter <= "Z"
-
-        _ -> False
-    if is_filter_condition_constructor.not then continuation else
-        message = "Got a Filter_Condition constructor without all required arguments provided. Please provide the missing arguments."
-        Error.throw (Illegal_Argument.Error message)
-
 ## PRIVATE
    Extends the provided predicate to handle `Nothing` values without error.
    The new predicate will return `False` for `Nothing`.

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Data/Index_Sub_Range.enso

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import project.Data.Text.Text
 import project.Data.Vector.Vector
 import project.Error.Error
 import project.Errors.Common.Index_Out_Of_Bounds
+import project.Errors.Common.Missing_Argument
 import project.Errors.Common.Type_Error
 import project.Errors.Illegal_Argument.Illegal_Argument
 import project.Function.Function
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ type Index_Sub_Range
     Last (count : Integer = 1)
 
     ## Select elements from the start while the predicate returns `True`.
-    While (predicate : (Any -> Boolean))
+    While (predicate : (Any -> Boolean) = Missing_Argument.throw "predicate")
 
     ## Selects specific indexes (starting from 0) either as an `Integer` or a
        `Range`.
@@ -47,21 +48,21 @@ type Index_Sub_Range
        Only ranges with positive step and positive indices are supported.
        Individual integer indices can be negative which allows for indexing
        from the end of the collection.
-    By_Index (indexes : (Integer | Range | Vector (Integer | Range)))
+    By_Index (indexes : (Integer | Range | Vector (Integer | Range)) = Missing_Argument.throw "indexes")
 
     ## Gets a random sample of entries, without repetitions.
 
        If `count` is greater than the length of the input, a random permutation
        of all elements from the input is selected.
-    Sample (count:Integer) (seed:Integer|Nothing=Nothing)
+    Sample (count : Integer = 1) (seed:Integer|Nothing=Nothing)
 
     ## Gets every Nth entry.
 
        Arguments:
        - step: The step between consecutive entries that are included.
        - first: The first entry to include. If it is outside of bounds of the
          input, an error is raised.
-    Every (step:Integer) (first:Integer=0)
+    Every (step:Integer=1) (first:Integer=0)
 
     ## PRIVATE
        Convert to a display representation of this Index_Sub_Range.

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Data/Text/Case_Sensitivity.enso

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ type Case_Sensitivity
 
        Arguments:
        - locale: The locale used for the comparison.
+    @locale Locale.default_widget
     Insensitive (locale : Locale = Locale.default)
 
     ## PRIVATE

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Errors/Common.enso

@@ -460,16 +460,23 @@ type Out_Of_Memory
 
 ## Indicates that an expression cannot be evaluated because somewhere within it,
    a function does not have all required arguments provided.
-type Missing_Required_Argument
+type Missing_Argument
     ## PRIVATE
        Indicates that an expression cannot be evaluated because somewhere within
        it, a function does not have all required arguments provided.
-    Error (argument_name : Text) (function_name : Text) (call_location : Source_Location | Nothing)
+    Error (argument_name : Text) (function_name : Text | Nothing = Nothing) (call_location : Source_Location | Nothing = Nothing)
 
     ## PRIVATE
     to_display_text : Text
-    to_display_text self =
-        "Missing required argument `" + self.argument_name + "` in function `" + self.function_name + "`."
+    to_display_text self = case self.function_name of
+        Nothing -> "Provide a value for the argument `" + self.argument_name + "`."
+        _ -> "Missing required argument `" + self.argument_name + "` in function `" + self.function_name + "`."
+
+    ## PRIVATE
+       Throws an error saying that a required argument has not been provided.
+    throw : Text -> Nothing ! Missing_Argument
+    throw argument_name:Text =
+        Error.throw (Missing_Argument.Error argument_name)
 
     ## PRIVATE
        Throws an error saying that a required argument has not been provided.
@@ -482,16 +489,16 @@ type Missing_Required_Argument
 
        > Example
 
-         my_function (arg1 = Missing_Required_Argument.ensure_present "arg1") (arg2 = 100) = arg1+arg2
-    ensure_present : Text -> Nothing ! Missing_Required_Argument
-    ensure_present (argument_name : Text = Missing_Required_Argument.ensure_present "argument_name") =
+         my_function (arg1 = Missing_Argument.ensure_present "arg1") (arg2 = 100) = arg1+arg2
+    ensure_present : Text -> Nothing ! Missing_Argument
+    ensure_present (argument_name : Text = Missing_Argument.ensure_present "argument_name") =
         stack_trace = Runtime.get_stack_trace
         function_frame = stack_trace . at 1
         caller_frame = stack_trace . at 2
 
         function_name = function_frame.name
         call_location = caller_frame.source_location
-        Error.throw (Missing_Required_Argument.Error argument_name function_name call_location)
+        Error.throw (Missing_Argument.Error argument_name function_name call_location)
 
 ## Warning when additional warnings occurred.
 type Additional_Warnings

distribution/lib/Standard/Base/0.0.0-dev/src/Widget_Helpers.enso

@@ -143,17 +143,6 @@ make_format_chooser include_number:Boolean=True include_date:Boolean=True includ
    Creates a Multiple_Choice Widget for selecting data cleanse operations.
 make_data_cleanse_vector_selector : Display -> Widget
 make_data_cleanse_vector_selector display:Display=Display.Always =
-    options = Vector.build builder->
-        builder.append (Option "Leading_Whitespace" "Named_Pattern.Leading_Whitespace")
-        builder.append (Option "Trailing_Whitespace" "Named_Pattern.Trailing_Whitespace")
-        builder.append (Option "Duplicate_Whitespace" "Named_Pattern.Duplicate_Whitespace")
-        builder.append (Option "All_Whitespace" "Named_Pattern.All_Whitespace")
-        builder.append (Option "Leading_Numbers" "Named_Pattern.Leading_Numbers")
-        builder.append (Option "Trailing_Numbers" "Named_Pattern.Trailing_Numbers")
-        builder.append (Option "Non_ASCII" "Named_Pattern.Non_ASCII")
-        builder.append (Option "Tabs" "Named_Pattern.Tabs")
-        builder.append (Option "Letters" "Named_Pattern.Letters")
-        builder.append (Option "Numbers" "Named_Pattern.Numbers")
-        builder.append (Option "Punctuation" "Named_Pattern.Punctuation")
-        builder.append (Option "Symbols" "Named_Pattern.Symbols")
+    patterns = ['Leading_Whitespace', 'Trailing_Whitespace', 'Duplicate_Whitespace', 'All_Whitespace', 'Leading_Numbers', 'Trailing_Numbers', 'Non_ASCII', 'Tabs', 'Letters', 'Numbers', 'Punctuation', 'Symbols']
+    options = patterns.map f-> Option f (".." + f)
     Multiple_Choice values=options display=display

distribution/lib/Standard/Database/0.0.0-dev/src/DB_Column.enso

@@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ type DB_Column
     @type (Widget_Helpers.parse_type_selector include_auto=False)
     @format (make_format_chooser include_number=False)
     parse : Value_Type | Auto -> Text | Data_Formatter -> Problem_Behavior -> DB_Column
-    parse self type format:(Text | Data_Formatter)="" on_problems=Report_Warning =
+    parse self type:(Value_Type | Auto) format:(Text | Data_Formatter)="" on_problems=Report_Warning =
         if type == Auto then Error.throw (Unsupported_Database_Operation.Error "The `Auto` parse type is not supported by the Database backend. Either pick a specific type or materialize the table to memory using `.read`.") else
             if format != "" then Error.throw (Unsupported_Database_Operation.Error "Custom formatting is not supported by the Database backend. Please set the format to `''` to use the default settings, or if custom formatting is needed, materialize the table to memory using `.read` first.") else
                 Value_Type.expect_text self <|