[DOC] Add ingest error metadata (#75653) (#75657)

These docs were accidentally removed in #70253.

Co-authored-by: Dan Hermann <[email protected]>

docs/reference/ingest.asciidoc

@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ template's index pattern should match `logs-<dataset-name>-*`.
 --
 You can create this template using {kib}'s <<manage-index-templates,**Index
 Management**>> feature or the <<indices-put-template,create index template
-API>>. 
+API>>.
 
 For example, the following request creates a template matching `logs-my_app-*`.
 The template uses a component template that contains the
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ PUT _ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline
         "description": "Use geo_point dynamic template for address field",
         "field": "_dynamic_templates",
         "value": {
-          "address": "geo_point"       
+          "address": "geo_point"
         }
       }
     }
@@ -562,8 +562,8 @@ PUT _ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline
 
 The set processor above tells ES to use the dynamic template named `geo_point`
 for the field `address` if this field is not defined in the mapping of the index
-yet. This processor overrides the dynamic template for the field `address` if 
-already defined in the bulk request, but has no effect on other dynamic 
+yet. This processor overrides the dynamic template for the field `address` if
+already defined in the bulk request, but has no effect on other dynamic
 templates defined in the bulk request.
 
 WARNING: If you <<create-document-ids-automatically,automatically generate>>
@@ -719,6 +719,32 @@ PUT _ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline
 ----
 // TEST[s/\.\.\./{"lowercase": {"field":"my-keyword-field"}}/]
 
+Additional information about the pipeline failure may be available in the
+document metadata fields `on_failure_message`, `on_failure_processor_type`,
+`on_failure_processor_tag`, and `on_failure_pipeline`. These fields are
+accessible only from within an `on_failure` block.
+
+The following example uses the error metadata fields to provide additional
+information on the document about the failure.
+
+[source,console]
+----
+PUT _ingest/pipeline/my-pipeline
+{
+  "processors": [ ... ],
+  "on_failure": [
+    {
+      "set": {
+        "description": "Record error information",
+        "field": "error_information",
+        "value": "Processor {{ _ingest.on_failure_processor_type }} with tag {{ _ingest.on_failure_processor_tag }} in pipeline {{ _ingest.on_failure_pipeline }} failed with message {{ _ingest.on_failure_message }}"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+----
+// TEST[s/\.\.\./{"lowercase": {"field":"my-keyword-field"}}/]
+
 [discrete]
 [[conditionally-run-processor]]
 === Conditionally run a processor