security: fix regexes vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking

Problem:
Four regexes were vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking.
This leaves markdown servers open to a potential REDOS attack.

Solution:
Refactor the regexes.

For two similar regexes (html) I didn't change the language.
For two similar regexes (noline) I slightly changed the language:

![[[[[[[[[[[]] was accepted by the old noline pattern.
It is now rejected.

All tests pass, though I'm not sure if I've broken something that
was untested.

This addresses markedjs#1070 (with markedjs#1058 along the way).

lib/marked.js

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ block._tag = '(?!(?:'
 block.html = edit(block.html)
   .replace('comment', /<!--[\s\S]*?-->/)
   .replace('closed', /<(tag)[\s\S]+?<\/\1>/)
-  .replace('closing', /<tag(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|\s[^'"\/>]*)*?\/?>/)
+  .replace('closing', /<tag(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|\s[^'"\/>\s]*)*?\/?>/)
   .replace(/tag/g, block._tag)
   .getRegex();
 
@@ -461,10 +461,10 @@ var inline = {
   escape: /^\\([\\`*{}\[\]()#+\-.!_>])/,
   autolink: /^<(scheme:[^\s\x00-\x1f<>]*|email)>/,
   url: noop,
-  tag: /^<!--[\s\S]*?-->|^<\/?[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|\s[^<'">\/]*)*?\/?>/,
+  tag: /^<!--[\s\S]*?-->|^<\/?[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|\s[^<'">\/\s]*)*?\/?>/,
   link: /^!?\[(inside)\]\(href\)/,
   reflink: /^!?\[(inside)\]\s*\[([^\]]*)\]/,
-  nolink: /^!?\[((?:\[[^\]]*\]|\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]])*)\]/,
+  nolink: /^!?\[((?:\[[^\[\]]*\]|\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]])*)\]/,
   strong: /^__([\s\S]+?)__(?!_)|^\*\*([\s\S]+?)\*\*(?!\*)/,
   em: /^_([^\s_](?:[^_]|__)+?[^\s_])_\b|^\*((?:\*\*|[^*])+?)\*(?!\*)/,
   code: /^(`+)\s*([\s\S]*?[^`]?)\s*\1(?!`)/,
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ inline.autolink = edit(inline.autolink)
   .replace('email', inline._email)
   .getRegex()
 
-inline._inside = /(?:\[[^\]]*\]|\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]]|\](?=[^\[]*\]))*/;
+inline._inside = /(?:\[[^\[\]]*\]|\\[\[\]]|[^\[\]]|\](?=[^\[]*\]))*/;
 inline._href = /\s*<?([\s\S]*?)>?(?:\s+['"]([\s\S]*?)['"])?\s*/;
 
 inline.link = edit(inline.link)

test/new/redos-html-closing.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<tag		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""		""<"	/>a'a

test/new/redos-nolink.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+![\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]\[[]!\