docs: Update build/abci docs (backport #22067)

[mergify]

Description

Ref: #21429

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Summary by CodeRabbit

• Documentation
  • Clarified the functionality of ABCI methods in the introduction and various sections.
  • Updated references to the latest version of the Cosmos SDK for improved accuracy.
  • Streamlined explanations for PrepareProposal, ProcessProposal, and vote extensions to enhance user understanding.
  • Minor grammatical adjustments made for better readability.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #22067 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

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