feat: unify version modifier for v2 (backport #21508)

[mergify]

Description

Closes: #21418

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Summary by CodeRabbit

• New Features

  • Enhanced application version management functionality added to the consensus module.
  • Improvements to gas limit handling and context structure in the BranchService.
  • Streamlined version retrieval process in the BaseApp.
  • New functionality added to manage application versioning in relation to consensus parameters.
  • Enhanced initialization process for testing with version modifiers.

• Bug Fixes

  • Minor correction in documentation for clarity.

• Tests

  • Enhanced test cases for BranchService to ensure accurate gas usage validation.
  • Added mock version modifier for improved testing flexibility.

• Chores

  • Updated dependencies to improve testing capabilities and data handling features.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #21508 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of dce0365 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/release/v0.52.x/pr-21508
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/release/v0.52.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit dce0365c2.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   baseapp/baseapp.go
	modified:   baseapp/baseapp_test.go
	modified:   baseapp/options.go
	modified:   runtime/module.go
	modified:   simapp/CHANGELOG.md
	modified:   simapp/app.go
	modified:   x/consensus/depinject.go

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
	both modified:   baseapp/utils_test.go
	deleted by us:   core/server/app.go
	deleted by us:   runtime/v2/module.go
	deleted by us:   server/v2/stf/core_branch_service.go
	deleted by us:   server/v2/stf/core_branch_service_test.go

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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