- QM is a containerized environment for running Functional Safety QM (Quality Management) software
- SELinux Policy
- BlueChi
- RPM Building Dependencies
- How the OOM Score Adjustment is Used in QM
- QM Sub-Packages
- Examples
- Development
- Talks and Videos
- RPM Mirrors
The main purpose of this package is allow users to setup an environment which prevents applications and container tools from interfering with other processes on the system. For example ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) environments.
The QM environment uses containerization tools like cgroups, namespaces, and security isolation to prevent accidental interference by processes in the qm.
The QM will run its own version of systemd and Podman to isolate not only the applications and containers launched by systemd and Podman but systemd and Podman commands themselves.
This package requires the Podman package to establish the containerized environment and uses quadlet to set it up.
Software install into the qm environment under /usr/lib/qm/rootfs will be automatically isolated from the host. But if developers want to further isolate these processes from other processes in the QM they can use container tools like Podman to further isolate.
This policy is used to isolate Quality Management parts of the operating system from the other Domain-Specific Functional Safety Levels (ASIL).
The main purpose of this policy is to prevent applications and container tools with interfering with other processes on the system. The QM needs to support further isolate containers run within the qm from the qm_t process and from each other.
For now all of the control processes in the qm other then containers will run with the same qm_t type.
Still would like to discuss about a specific selinux prevision? Please open an QM issue with the output of selinux error from a recent operation related to QM. The output of the following commands are appreciated for understanding the root cause.
ausearch -m avc -ts recent | audit2why
journalctl -t setroubleshoot
sealert -a /var/log/audit/audit.logThe package configures the bluechi agent within the QM.
BlueChi is a systemd service controller intended for multi-node environments with a predefined number of nodes and with a focus on highly regulated ecosystems such as those requiring functional safety. Potential use cases can be found in domains such as transportation, where services need to be controlled across different edge devices and where traditional orchestration tools are not compliant with regulatory requirements.
Systems with QM installed will have two systemd's running on them. The QM bluechi-agent is based on the hosts /etc/bluechi/agent.conf file. By default any changes to the systems agent.conf file are reflected into the QM /etc/bluechi/agent.conf. You can further customize the QM bluechi agent by adding content to the /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/etc/bluechi/agent.conf.d/ directory.
# dnf install -y python3-dnf-plugins-core
# dnf config-manager --set-enabled crbThe qm project is designed to provide a flexible and modular environment for managing Quality Management (QM) software in containerized environments. One of the key features of the qm package is its support for sub-package(s), such as the qm-dropin sub-packages. These sub-packages are not enabled by default and are optional. However, allow users to easily extend or customize their QM environment by adding specific configurations, tools, or scripts to the containerized QM ecosystem by simple installing or uninstalling a RPM package into the system.
- No configuration change, no typo or distribution rebuild/update.
- Just dnf install/remove from the tradicional rpm schema.
- Users can easily add specific configurations to enhance or modify the behavior of their QM containers.
- Sub-packages ensure that the base qm package remains untouched, allowing easy updates without breaking custom configurations.
- Like qm-dropin provide a clear directory structure and templates to guide users in customizing their QM environment.
Choose one of the following sub-packages and build using make.
$ git clone [email protected]:containers/qm.git && cd qm
$ make | grep qm_dropin
qm_dropin_img_tempdir - Creates a QM RPM sub-package qm_dropin_img_tempdir
qm_dropin_mount_bind_tty7 - Creates a QM RPM sub-package to mount bind /dev/tty7 in the nested containers
qm_dropin_mount_bind_input - Creates a QM RPM sub-package to mount bind input in the nested containers
$ make qm_dropin_mount_bind_input
$ ls rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/
qm-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpm qm_mount_bind_input-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpm$ sudo dnf install ./rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/qm_mount_bind_input-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpm
<SNIP>
Complete!If QM is already running, restart or reload your QM container environment to apply the new configurations.
sudo podman restart qmsudo rpm -e qm_mount_bind_inputThe video sub-package exposes /dev/video0 (or many video devices required) to the container. This feature is useful for demonstrating how to share a camera from the host system into a container using Podman drop-in. To showcase this functionality, we provide the following demo:
host> make qm_dropin_mount_bind_video0
host> sudo podman restart qm
host> sudo dnf install ./rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/qm_mount_bind_video-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpmThis simulates a rear camera when the user shifts into reverse gear.
In this simulation, we created a systemd service that, every time it is started, captures a snapshot from the webcam, simulating the action of a rear camera. (Feel free to start and restart the service multiple times!)
host> sudo podman exec -it qm bash
bash-5.2# systemctl daemon-reload
bash-5.2# systemctl start rear-camera
# ls -la /tmp/screenshot.jpg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 516687 Oct 13 04:05 /tmp/screenshot.jpg
bash-5.2#host> sudo podman cp qm:/tmp/screenshot.jpg .Great job! Now imagine all the possibilities this opens up!
To set up sound cards in a QM environment using Podman, follow the steps below:
Run the following commands to install the qm_mount_bind_sound package and restart QM (if previously in use):
# Build and install the RPM for QM sound
git clone https://github.com/containers/qm.git && cd qm
make qm_dropin_mount_bind_sound
sudo dnf install -y rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/qm_mount_bind_sound-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpm
# Restart QM container (if already running)
sudo podman restart qm
### Step 2: Identify Sound Cards
After installing the drop-in and restarting QM, you need to identify which sound card in the Linux system will be used in QM. If you're familiar with your sound card setup feel free to skip this step.
To list the sound cards available on your system (in our case, we will pick the number 1):
```bash
cat /proc/asound/cardsExample Output:
0 [NVidia ]: HDA-Intel - HDA NVidia
HDA NVidia at 0x9e000000 irq 17
1 [sofhdadsp ]: sof-hda-dsp - sof-hda-dsp
LENOVO-20Y5000QUS-ThinkPadX1ExtremeGen4i
2 [USB ]: USB-Audio - USB Audio Device
Generic USB Audio at usb-0000:00:14.0-5, full speedTo list the supported number of channels and samples use pactl command:
pactl list sinks | grep -i 48000 | uniq
Sample Specification: s24-32le 2ch 48000HzTo show the supported sample rates for a specific sound card codec, you can also inspect the codec details:
cat /proc/asound/card1/codec#0 | grep -i ratesThis will output the supported sample rates for the codec associated with card1.
Accessing Card 1 (sof-hda-dsp)
cat /proc/asound/cards | grep -A 1 '^ 1 'Accessing Card 2 (USB Audio Device)
cat /proc/asound/cards | grep -A 1 '^ 2 'Inside QM, run the following command:
podman exec -it qm bash
bash-# podman ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
76dacaa9a89e quay.io/qm-images/audio:latest sleep infinity 7 hours ago Up 7 hours systemd-audio
bash-# podman exec -it systemd-audio bash
Execute the audio test within the nested container, and the sound will be output through the physical speakers of your computer—or, in this case, the car's multimedia soundbox.
bash-# speaker-test -D hw:1,0 -c 2 -r 48000Params:
hw:1,0: sound card 1, device 0
-c 2: two channels (stereo)
-r 48000: sample rate of 48 kHzWe recommend using the existing drop-in files as a guide and adapting them to your specific needs. However, here are the step-by-step instructions:
- Create a drop-in file in the directory:
etc/qm/containers/containers.conf.d - Add it as a sub-package to
rpm/qm.spec - Test it by running:
make clean && VERSION=YOURVERSIONHERE make rpm - Additionally, test it with and without enabling the sub-package using (by default it should be disabled but there are cases where it will be enabled by default if QM community decide):
Example changing the spec and triggering the build via make (feel free to automate via sed, awk etc):
# Define the feature flag: 1 to enable, 0 to disable
# By default it's disabled: 0
%define enable_qm_dropin_img_tempdir 1
$ make clean && VERSION=YOURVERSIONHERE make rpmThe QM sub-package ROS2 (a.k.a "The Robot Operating System" or middleware for robots) is widely used by open-source projects, enterprises, companies, edge env and government agencies, including NASA, to advance robotics and autonomous systems. Enabled by Quadlet in QM, ROS2 on top of QM provides a secure environment where robots can operate and communicate safely, benefiting from QM's "Freedom from Interference" frequently tested layer. This ensures robots can function without external interference, enhancing their reliability and security.
The types of robots compatible with this environment are extensive, ranging from medical devices and aerial drones to aqua drones and space rockets. ROS2 within QM supports high availability, meaning these robotic systems can maintain continuous operations, crucial for mission-critical and industrial applications. This versatility makes it ideal for environments that demand robust communication and operational safety, from healthcare and aerospace to underwater exploration and autonomous land vehicles.
How to test this env?
$host> git clone https://github.com/containers/qm.git && cd qm
$host> make qm_dropin_ros2_rolling
$host> sudo dnf install rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/qm_ros2_rolling-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpm -y
$host> sudo podman restart qm # if you have qm already running
Testing using talked and listener examples
$host> sudo podman exec -it qm bash
QM> ros2 run demo_nodes_cpp talker &
QM> ros2 run demo_nodes_cpp listenerThe QM sub-package KVM includes drop-in configuration that enables the integration of Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) management into the QM (Quality Management) container environment. This configuration allows users to easily configure and manage KVM virtual machines within the QM system, streamlining virtualization tasks in containerized setups.
Below example step by step:
Step 1: clone QM repo, install libvirt packages, prepare some files inside QM and start the libvirt daemon.
$host> git clone https://github.com/containers/qm.git && cd qm
$host> make qm_dropin_mount_bind_kvm
$host> sudo dnf install rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/qm_mount_bind_kvm-0.6.7-1.fc40.noarch.rpm
$host> sudo podman restart qm # if you have qm already running
$host> sudo dnf --installroot /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/ install virt-install libvirt-daemon libvirt-daemon-qemu libvirt-daemon-kvm -y
# Copy default network settings to /root dir inside QM (/usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root)
$host> sudo cp /usr/share/libvirt/networks/default.xml /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root
Step 2: Preparing cloudinit files inside QM (/usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root)
# Cloud-init files
------------------------------
$host> cd /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root/
$host> cat meta-data
instance-id: fedora-cloud
local-hostname: fedora-vm
# We are setting to user fedora the default password as fedora
$host> cd /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root/
$host> cat user-data
#cloud-config
password: fedora
chpasswd: { expire: False }
ssh_pwauth: True
# Download the Fedora Cloud image for tests and save it /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/var/lib/libvirt/images/
$ wget -O /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic.qcow2 https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/40/Cloud/x86_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic.x86_64-40-1.14.qcow2
# Generate the cloud-init.iso and move it to /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/var/lib/libvirt/images/
$host> cloud-localds cloud-init.iso user-data meta-data
$host> mv cloud-init.iso /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/var/lib/libvirt/images/
# Change permission to qemu:qemu
$host> chown qemu:qemu /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/var/lib/libvirt/*
Step 3: Starting libvirtd and checking if it's active inside QM
##################################################################
# Keep in mind for the next steps:
# Depending on the distro you are running SELinux might complain
# about libvirtd running on QM / udev errors
##################################################################
# Going inside QM
$ sudo podman exec -it qm bash
# Starting libvirtd
bash-5.2# systemctl start libvirt
# Check if it's running:
bash-5.2# systemctl is-active libvirtd
activeStep 4: Creating a script inside QM and running the VM
$host> cd /usr/lib/qm/rootfs/root/
$host> vi run
##### START SCRIPT ############
# Set .cache to /tmp
export XDG_CACHE_HOME=/tmp/.cache
# Remove previous instance
virsh destroy fedora-cloud-vm 2> /dev/null
virsh undefine fedora-cloud-vm 2> /dev/null
# Network
virsh net-define ./default.xml 2> /dev/null
virsh net-start default 2> /dev/null
virsh net-autostart default 2> /dev/null
# Install
virt-install \
--name fedora-cloud-vm \
--memory 20048 \
--vcpus 4 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/cloud-init.iso,device=cdrom \
--os-variant fedora-unknown \
--network network=default \
--import \
--graphics none \
--console pty,target_type=serial \
--noautoconsole
##### END SCRIPT ############Step 5: Running the script
qm$ sudo podman exec -it qm bash
bash-5.2# cd /root
bash-5.2# ./run
Domain 'fedora-cloud-vm' destroyed
Domain 'fedora-cloud-vm' has been undefined
Network default marked as autostarted
Starting install...
Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00:00
Domain creation completed.
bash-5.2# virsh list
Id Name State
---------------------------------
4 fedora-cloud-vm running
bash-5.2# virsh console fedora-cloud-vm
fedora-vm login: fedora
Password:
Last login: Tue Oct 8 06:01:18 on ttyS0
[fedora@fedora-vm ~]$In order to build qm package on CentOS Stream 9 you'll need Code Ready Builder
repository enabled in order to provide golang-github-cpuguy83-md2man package.
The om_score_adj refers to the "Out of Memory score adjustment" in Linux operating systems. This parameter is used by the Out of Memory (OOM) killer to decide which processes to terminate when the system is critically low on memory.
By fine-tuning which processes are more likely to be terminated during low memory situations, critical processes can be protected, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the system. For instance only, ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) applications, which are critical for ensuring functional safety in automotive systems, will be preserved in case of low resources.
- All nested containers created inside QM will have their OOM score adjustment set to 750.
$ cat /usr/share/qm/containers.conf | grep oom_score_adj
oom_score_adj = 750- The QM process has a default OOM score adjustment value set to 500, configured via the qm.container file.
cat /usr/share/containers/systemd/qm.container | grep OOMScoreAdjust
# OOMScoreAdjust=500If we consider the example of ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) applications, which are essential for maintaining functional safety in automotive systems, their OOM score adjustment values can range from -1 to -1000. Setting the value to -1000 makes the process immune to the OOM killer. This ensures that ASIL applications are the last to be terminated by the OOM killer, thus prioritizing their operation even in low memory situations.
- Nested Containers inside QM: OOM score adjustment set to 750. (/usr/share/qm/containers.conf)
- QM Process: OOM score adjustment value set to 500, configured via the qm.container file.
- ASIL Applications: Can explore a range from -1 to -1000, with -1000 making the process immune to the OOM killer.
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| The Priority Process of OOM Killer in the QM Context |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
------------------------------------ Kernel space -----------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------+
| Out of Memory Killer Mechanism |
| (OOM Killer) |
+--------------------------------+
|
v
+--------------------------------+
| Kernel Scheduler |
+--------------------------------+
------------------------------------ User space -------------------------------------------------
+----------------------------------------+
| Out of Memory Score Adjustment |
| (oom_score_adj) |
+----------------------------------------+
|
|
v (Processes Priority side by side)
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+
| | | |
v v v v
+------------------+ +----------------------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
| | | | | | | |
| QM Container | | Nested Containers by QM | | ASIL Apps | | Other Processes |
| | | | | | | |
| OOM Score | | OOM Score | | OOM Score | | OOM Score |
| 500 | | 750 | | -1 to -1000 | | (default: 0) |
+------------------+ +----------------------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
| | | |
v v v v
+----------------+ +----------------+ +--------------------+ +-----------------+
| Lower priority | | Higher priority| | Very low priority | | Default priority|
| for termination| | for termination| | for termination | | for termination |
+----------------+ +----------------+ +--------------------+ +-----------------+
|
|
|
v
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| In conclusion, all nested containers created inside QM have |
| their OOM score adjustment set to 750, making them more |
| likely to be terminated first compared to the QM process. |
| |
| When compared to ASIL applications, nested containers |
| will have an even higher likelihood of being terminated. |
| |
| Compared to other processes with the default adjustment |
| value of 0, nested containers are still more likely to be |
| terminated first, ensuring the system and ASIL Apps are |
| kept as safe as possible. |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
------------------------------------ User space -------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------ Kernel space -----------------------------------------------Looking for quadlet examples files? See our docs dir.
If your looking for contribute to the project use our development README guide as start point.
Let's spread the knowledge regarding QM, if you have any interesting video regarding any technology related to QM please with us.
Looking for a specific version of QM? Search in the mirrors list below.