Support systemd in containers with podman-style --systemd flag

README.md

@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ Minor:
 - Better multi-platform support, e.g., `nerdctl pull --all-platforms IMAGE`
 - Applying an (existing) AppArmor profile to rootless containers: `nerdctl run --security-opt apparmor=<PROFILE>`.
   Use `sudo nerdctl apparmor load` to load the `nerdctl-default` profile.
+- Systemd compatibility support: `nerdctl run --systemd=always`
 
 Trivial:
 

cmd/nerdctl/container_create.go

@@ -255,6 +255,10 @@ func processContainerCreateOptions(cmd *cobra.Command) (opt types.ContainerCreat
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
+	opt.Systemd, err = cmd.Flags().GetString("systemd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
 	// #endregion
 
 	// #region for runtime flags

cmd/nerdctl/container_run.go

@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ func setCreateFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	cmd.Flags().StringSlice("cap-drop", []string{}, "Drop Linux capabilities")
 	cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("cap-drop", capShellComplete)
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("privileged", false, "Give extended privileges to this container")
+	cmd.Flags().String("systemd", "false", "Allow running systemd in this container (default: false)")
 	// #endregion
 
 	// #region runtime flags

cmd/nerdctl/container_run_systemd_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+   Copyright The containerd Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/testutil"
+)
+
+func TestRunWithSystemdAlways(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+	containerName := testutil.Identifier(t)
+	defer base.Cmd("container", "rm", "-f", containerName).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "--name", containerName, "--systemd=always", "--entrypoint=/bin/bash", testutil.UbuntuImage, "-c", "mount | grep cgroup").AssertOutContains("(rw,")
+
+	base.Cmd("inspect", "--format", "{{json .Config.Labels}}", containerName).AssertOutContains("SIGRTMIN+3")
+
+}
+
+func TestRunWithSystemdTrueEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+	containerName := testutil.Identifier(t)
+	defer base.Cmd("container", "rm", "-f", containerName).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "-d", "--name", containerName, "--systemd=true", "--entrypoint=/sbin/init", testutil.SystemdImage).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("inspect", "--format", "{{json .Config.Labels}}", containerName).AssertOutContains("SIGRTMIN+3")
+
+	base.Cmd("exec", containerName, "systemctl", "list-jobs").AssertOutContains("jobs listed.")
+}
+
+func TestRunWithSystemdTrueDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+	containerName := testutil.Identifier(t)
+	defer base.Cmd("rm", "-f", containerName).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "--name", containerName, "--systemd=true", "--entrypoint=/bin/bash", testutil.SystemdImage, "-c", "systemctl list-jobs || true").AssertCombinedOutContains("System has not been booted with systemd as init system")
+}
+
+func TestRunWithSystemdFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+	containerName := testutil.Identifier(t)
+	defer base.Cmd("rm", "-f", containerName).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "--name", containerName, "--systemd=false", "--entrypoint=/bin/bash", testutil.UbuntuImage, "-c", "mount | grep cgroup").AssertOutContains("(ro,")
+
+	base.Cmd("inspect", "--format", "{{json .Config.Labels}}", containerName).AssertOutContains("SIGTERM")
+}
+
+func TestRunWithNoSystemd(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+	containerName := testutil.Identifier(t)
+	defer base.Cmd("rm", "-f", containerName).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "--name", containerName, "--entrypoint=/bin/bash", testutil.UbuntuImage, "-c", "mount | grep cgroup").AssertOutContains("(ro,")
+
+	base.Cmd("inspect", "--format", "{{json .Config.Labels}}", containerName).AssertOutContains("SIGTERM")
+}
+
+func TestRunWithSystemdPrivilegedError(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "--privileged", "--rm", "--systemd=always", "--entrypoint=/sbin/init", testutil.SystemdImage).AssertCombinedOutContains("if --privileged is used with systemd `--security-opt privileged-without-host-devices` must also be used")
+}
+
+func TestRunWithSystemdPrivilegedSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	testutil.DockerIncompatible(t)
+	t.Parallel()
+	base := testutil.NewBase(t)
+	containerName := testutil.Identifier(t)
+	defer base.Cmd("container", "rm", "-f", containerName).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("run", "-d", "--name", containerName, "--privileged", "--security-opt", "privileged-without-host-devices", "--systemd=true", "--entrypoint=/sbin/init", testutil.SystemdImage).AssertOK()
+
+	base.Cmd("inspect", "--format", "{{json .Config.Labels}}", containerName).AssertOutContains("SIGRTMIN+3")
+}

docs/command-reference.md

@@ -232,6 +232,15 @@ Security flags:
 - :whale: `--cap-add=<CAP>`: Add Linux capabilities
 - :whale: `--cap-drop=<CAP>`: Drop Linux capabilities
 - :whale: `--privileged`: Give extended privileges to this container
+- :nerd_face: `--systemd=(true|false|always)`: Enable systemd compatibility (default: false).
+  - Default: "false"
+  - true: Enable systemd compatibility is enabled if the entrypoint executable matches one of the following paths:
+    - `/sbin/init`
+    - `/usr/sbin/init`
+    - `/usr/local/sbin/init`
+  - always: Always enable systemd compatibility
+
+Corresponds to Podman CLI.
 
 Runtime flags:
 

pkg/api/types/container_types.go

@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ type ContainerCreateOptions struct {
 	CapDrop []string
 	// Privileged gives extended privileges to this container
 	Privileged bool
+	// Systemd
+	Systemd string
 	// #endregion
 
 	// #region for runtime flags

pkg/cmd/container/create.go

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/inspecttypes/dockercompat"
 	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/labels"
 	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/logging"
+	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/maputil"
 	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/mountutil"
 	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/namestore"
 	"github.com/containerd/nerdctl/v2/pkg/platformutil"
@@ -173,7 +174,6 @@ func Create(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, args []string, netMa
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	cOpts = append(cOpts, restartOpts...)
-	cOpts = append(cOpts, withStop(options.StopSignal, options.StopTimeout, ensuredImage))
 
 	if err = netManager.VerifyNetworkOptions(ctx); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to verify networking settings: %s", err)
@@ -340,6 +340,15 @@ func generateRootfsOpts(args []string, id string, ensured *imgutil.EnsuredImage,
 		opts = append(opts, oci.WithRootFSPath(absRootfs), oci.WithDefaultPathEnv)
 	}
 
+	entrypointPath := ""
+	if ensured != nil {
+		if len(ensured.ImageConfig.Entrypoint) > 0 {
+			entrypointPath = ensured.ImageConfig.Entrypoint[0]
+		} else if len(ensured.ImageConfig.Cmd) > 0 {
+			entrypointPath = ensured.ImageConfig.Cmd[0]
+		}
+	}
+
 	if !options.Rootfs && !options.EntrypointChanged {
 		opts = append(opts, oci.WithImageConfigArgs(ensured.Image, args[1:]))
 	} else {
@@ -357,8 +366,47 @@ func generateRootfsOpts(args []string, id string, ensured *imgutil.EnsuredImage,
 			// error message is from Podman
 			return nil, nil, errors.New("no command or entrypoint provided, and no CMD or ENTRYPOINT from image")
 		}
+
+		entrypointPath = processArgs[0]
+
 		opts = append(opts, oci.WithProcessArgs(processArgs...))
 	}
+
+	isEntryPointSystemd := (entrypointPath == "/sbin/init" ||
+		entrypointPath == "/usr/sbin/init" ||
+		entrypointPath == "/usr/local/sbin/init")
+
+	stopSignal := options.StopSignal
+
+	if options.Systemd == "always" || (options.Systemd == "true" && isEntryPointSystemd) {
+		if options.Privileged {
+			securityOptsMap := strutil.ConvertKVStringsToMap(strutil.DedupeStrSlice(options.SecurityOpt))
+			privilegedWithoutHostDevices, err := maputil.MapBoolValueAsOpt(securityOptsMap, "privileged-without-host-devices")
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
+
+			// See: https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/15878
+			if !privilegedWithoutHostDevices {
+				return nil, nil, errors.New("if --privileged is used with systemd `--security-opt privileged-without-host-devices` must also be used")
+			}
+		}
+
+		opts = append(opts,
+			oci.WithoutMounts("/sys/fs/cgroup"),
+			oci.WithMounts([]specs.Mount{
+				{Type: "cgroup", Source: "cgroup", Destination: "/sys/fs/cgroup", Options: []string{"rw"}},
+				{Type: "tmpfs", Source: "tmpfs", Destination: "/run"},
+				{Type: "tmpfs", Source: "tmpfs", Destination: "/run/lock"},
+				{Type: "tmpfs", Source: "tmpfs", Destination: "/tmp"},
+				{Type: "tmpfs", Source: "tmpfs", Destination: "/var/lib/journal"},
+			}),
+		)
+		stopSignal = "SIGRTMIN+3"
+	}
+
+	cOpts = append(cOpts, withStop(stopSignal, options.StopTimeout, ensured))
+
 	if options.InitBinary != nil {
 		options.InitProcessFlag = true
 	}

pkg/testutil/testutil_linux.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ var (
 	DockerAuthImage             = mirrorOf("cesanta/docker_auth:1.7")
 	FluentdImage                = mirrorOf("fluent/fluentd:v1.14-1")
 	KuboImage                   = mirrorOf("ipfs/kubo:v0.16.0")
+	SystemdImage                = "ghcr.io/containerd/stargz-snapshotter:0.15.1-kind"
 
 	// Source: https://gist.github.com/cpuguy83/fcf3041e5d8fb1bb5c340915aabeebe0
 	NonDistBlobImage = "ghcr.io/cpuguy83/non-dist-blob:latest"