release-23.2: kvserver: refresh range cache on rangefeed barrier failure

[blathers-crl]

Backport 1/1 commits from #119512 on behalf of @erikgrinaker.

/cc @cockroachdb/release

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The DistSender does not refresh its range cache for unsplittable requests. This could cause a rangefeed transaction pusher barrier request to persistently fail following a range merge if the range cache thought the barrier spanned multiple ranges. This would only resolve once the range cache was refreshed by some other request, which might never happen. This in turn would cause the rangefeed's resolved timestamp to stall.

Resolves #119536.
Resolves #119333.
Epic: none
Release note (bug fix): fixed a bug where rangefeed resolved timestamps could get stuck, continually emitting the log message "pushing old intents failed: range barrier failed, range split", typically following a range merge.

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Release justification:

[blathers-crl]

Thanks for opening a backport.

Please check the backport criteria before merging:

• Backports should only be created for serious
  issues or test-only changes.
• Backports should not break backwards-compatibility.
• Backports should change as little code as possible.
• Backports should not change on-disk formats or node communication protocols.
• Backports should not add new functionality (except as defined
  here).
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  TL. For more information as to how that review should be conducted, please consult the backport
  policy.

If your backport adds new functionality, please ensure that the following additional criteria are satisfied:

• There is a high priority need for the functionality that cannot wait until the next release and is difficult to address in another way.
• The new functionality is additive-only and only runs for clusters which have specifically “opted in” to it (e.g. by a cluster setting).
• New code is protected by a conditional check that is trivial to verify and ensures that it only runs for opt-in clusters. State changes must be further protected such that nodes running old binaries will not be negatively impacted by the new state (with a mixed version test added).
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• Your backport must be accompanied by a post to the appropriate Slack
  channel (#db-backports-point-releases or #db-backports-XX-X-release) for awareness and discussion.

Also, please add a brief release justification to the body of your PR to justify this
backport.

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[erikgrinaker]

See #119541.