bazel,dev: dev generate process should have as few dependencies as possible

[rickystewart]

dev generate (which includes dev generate bazel go+docs) has too many dependencies. For example, generating the docs requires building a full cockroach-short binary to generate docs/generated/settings/settings{,-for-tenants}.html.

We should require building as little of cockroach as possible for this.

Original issue: #79455

Jira issue: CRDB-14969

[irfansharif]

Is dev gen docs the only generator that requires building the cockroach binary? I think we ought to stop checking in the settings files #76910, which would make this issue less important. I'm not sure what value we get out of checking them in.

[rickystewart]

dev gen docs is the only generator that requires building the cockroach binary, yes. However more improvements could stand to be made here. For example docs/generated/swagger requires constructing a full go_path based on pkg/server which is a pretty huge dependency. That could definitely be trimmed. It stands to reason that generating code and docs should also not require any c-deps (besides protoc), but I don't think that's true today either.

[kenliu-crl]

manually reviewed and brought up to date

[github-actions]

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