sql: add mixed version test for system.privileges user ID migration

This patch adds a mixed version logic test that ensures granting of
system privileges continues to work properly in a cluster that has
both 22.2 and 23.1 nodes. The relevant version gate being tested here
is V23_1SystemPrivilegesTableHasUserIDColumn.

Release note: None

pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/mixed_version_system_privileges_user_id

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# LogicTest: cockroach-go-testserver-upgrade-to-master
+
+# Grant system privileges in a mixed version cluster.
+
+statement ok
+CREATE USER testuser1
+
+upgrade 1
+
+user root nodeidx=1
+
+statement ok
+REVOKE SELECT ON crdb_internal.tables FROM public
+
+statement ok
+GRANT SYSTEM MODIFYCLUSTERSETTING TO testuser1
+
+user root nodeidx=2
+
+statement ok
+GRANT SYSTEM CANCELQUERY TO testuser1
+
+query TTTT
+SELECT username, path, privileges, grant_options FROM system.privileges
+----
+public     /vtable/crdb_internal/tables  {}                                  {}
+testuser1  /global/                      {CANCELQUERY,MODIFYCLUSTERSETTING}  {}

pkg/sql/logictest/tests/cockroach-go-testserver-upgrade-to-master/BUILD.bazel

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/cmd/cockroach-short",  # keep
         "//pkg/sql/logictest:testdata",  # keep
     ],
-    shard_count = 4,
+    shard_count = 5,
     tags = [
         "cpu:2",
     ],