clusterversion: cockroach versions cleanup

This commit cleans up the code and constants in
`cockroach_versions.go`:
 - we separate out the "dev offset" code and improve the
   documentation;
 - we replace the key-to-version slice with a table (array). This
   makes the declaration much cleaner and makes the lookup easier.
 - we replace `ByKey()` with a method, to make the call site less
   messy; e.g. `clusterversion.ByKey(clusterversion.V23_2)` becomes
   `clusterversion.V23_2.Version()`;
 - we deprecate `BinaryMinSupportedVersionKey` in favor of `MinSupported`;
 - we deprecate `BinaryVersionKey` in favor of `Latest`;
 - we remove `roachpb.Version` "constants" in favor of using the
   `Version()` method.

Informs: #112629
Release note: None

pkg/clusterversion/BUILD.bazel

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ go_library(
     srcs = [
         "clusterversion.go",
         "cockroach_versions.go",
-        "keyed_versions.go",
+        "dev_offset.go",
         "setting.go",
         "testutils.go",
         "utilversions.go",
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/util/timeutil",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_errors//:errors",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_redact//:redact",
-        "@com_github_kr_pretty//:pretty",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ go_test(
         "//pkg/util/protoutil",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_errors//:errors",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_redact//:redact",
-        "@com_github_dustin_go_humanize//:go-humanize",
         "@com_github_stretchr_testify//require",
     ],
 )

pkg/clusterversion/clusterversion.go

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ var _ Handle = (*handleImpl)(nil)
 // supported versions initialized to this binary's build and it's minimum
 // supported versions respectively.
 func MakeVersionHandle(sv *settings.Values) Handle {
-	return MakeVersionHandleWithOverride(sv, binaryVersion, binaryMinSupportedVersion)
+	return MakeVersionHandleWithOverride(sv, Latest.Version(), MinSupported.Version())
 }
 
 // MakeVersionHandleWithOverride returns a Handle that has its

pkg/clusterversion/clusterversion_test.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestClusterVersionOnChange(t *testing.T) {
 		"test description",
 		&cvs.VersionSetting)
 
-	handle := newHandleImpl(cvs, &sv, binaryVersion, binaryMinSupportedVersion)
+	handle := newHandleImpl(cvs, &sv, Latest.Version(), MinSupported.Version())
 	newCV := ClusterVersion{
 		Version: roachpb.Version{
 			Major:    1,