Add representation for general stabilizer codes to the python side.

[pehamTom]

Description

Currently QECC only has support for CSS codes. This PR adds general stabilizer codes and reactors the current classes to reflect this structure.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 96.79144% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.4%. Comparing base (28075c7) to head (cf2e5eb).
Report is 111 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/qecc/codes/stabilizer_code.py	95.7%	6 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #278     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   82.7%   83.4%   +0.6%     
=======================================
  Files         46      47      +1     
  Lines       3978    4100    +122     
  Branches     353     353             
=======================================
+ Hits        3292    3420    +128     
+ Misses       686     680      -6     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	83.3% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 444be7b
python	83.4% <96.7%> (+1.0%)	⬆️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/qecc/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/css_code.py	87.5% <100.0%> (+6.6%)	⬆️
src/mqt/qecc/codes/hexagonal_color_code.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/square_octagon_color_code.py	97.2% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qecc/codes/stabilizer_code.py	95.7% <95.7%> (ø)

[lucasberent]

just some minor comments