✨ Infrastructure Update without Windows Support

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR pulls out the changes from #266 that do not involve setting up Windows CI and building Windows wheels.
Since it might be a while before that will be resolved, it's better to just move on with the changes here for now.

This includes:

• Shipping experimental Python 3.13 support (including the free threaded variant)
• Updating scikit-build-core to 0.10
• Updating pybind11 to 2.13
• Updating MQT Core to 2.6.1 (development version)
• Reinstantiating proper Python warning filters
• Updating pre-commit hooks to their latest versions and updating the respective configuration
• ... probably a couple more things that I just missed ...

The PR also contains some miscellaneous fixes and smaller code improvements.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 86.15385% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 82.7%. Comparing base (c4209c7) to head (ca3d56c).
Report is 130 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...alog_information_decoding/simulators/simulation.py	42.8%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qecc/ft_stateprep/state_prep.py	88.0%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/DecodingSimulator.cpp	83.3%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/Utils.cpp	0.0%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #270     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   82.4%   82.7%   +0.2%     
=======================================
  Files         46      46             
  Lines       3997    3978     -19     
  Branches     362     353      -9     
=======================================
- Hits        3296    3292      -4     
+ Misses       701     686     -15     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	83.3% <71.4%> (+0.7%)	⬆️
python	82.3% <87.9%> (-0.1%)	⬇️

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/DecodingSimulator.hpp	0.0% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Ecc.hpp	92.5% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Id.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Q18Surface.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Q3Shor.hpp	66.6% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Q5Laflamme.hpp	75.0% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Q7Steane.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Q9Shor.hpp	75.0% <ø> (ø)
include/ecc/Q9Surface.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/ecc/Ecc.cpp	95.4% <ø> (+4.1%)	⬆️
... and 16 more

[lucasberent]

lgtm, thanks! we can also update with #271?

[burgholzer]

lgtm, thanks! we can also update with #271?

Let's get this merged first, then rebase #271.
I'll review that later 😎