🚸 Installation Improvements (#539)

## Description

This PR improves a couple of bits and pieces throughout the library and
should increase the overall usability and DX.

Most notable breaking changes:
- The `MQT::CorePython` target is removed. After this PR is merged,
top-level packages are expected to use the `mqt.core` Python package for
translating from Qiskit to MQT. Furthermore, the top-level packages are
responsible for bringing in the `pybind11_json` dependency if they
require it, as it is no longer shipped with `mqt-core`.
- The `MQT::ProjectOptions` and `MQT::ProjectWarnings` targets are now
linked privately into the libraries in order to not pollute other CMake
targets. This means that top-level projects now also need to explicitly
link against these targets if they want to benefit from the common
settings.
- Includes are now placed in a dedicated `include/mqt-core` subdirectory
to create a cleaner installation structure.

## Checklist:

<!---
This checklist serves as a reminder of a couple of things that ensure
your pull request will be merged swiftly.
-->

- [x] The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
- [x] I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
- [ ] I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
- [ ] The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the
project's style guidelines.

.github/workflows/reusable-code-ql-python.yml

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ on:
         description: "The version of Z3 to set up"
         default: "4.11.2"
         type: string
-      build-time-dependencies:
-        description: "The build-time dependencies to install"
-        default: "scikit-build-core[pyproject] setuptools_scm pybind11"
-        type: string
 
 jobs:
   analyze:
@@ -43,22 +39,10 @@ jobs:
           override_cache_key: codeql-python
       - name: Set up mold as linker
         uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
-      - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
-          cache: "pip"
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel setuptools
-          pip install ${{ inputs.build-time-dependencies }}
-          pip install --no-build-isolation -ve .
-          echo "CODEQL_PYTHON=$(which python)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
         uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
         with:
           languages: python
-          setup-python-dependencies: false
           config: |
             queries:
             - uses: security-and-quality

.github/workflows/reusable-code-ql.yml

@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@ on:
         description: "The version of Z3 to set up"
         default: "4.11.2"
         type: string
-      build-time-dependencies:
-        description: "The build-time dependencies to install"
-        default: "scikit-build-core[pyproject] setuptools_scm pybind11"
-        type: string
       enable-cpp:
         description: "Whether to enable C++ analysis"
         default: true
@@ -45,4 +41,3 @@ jobs:
     with:
       setup-z3: ${{ inputs.setup-z3 }}
       z3-version: ${{ inputs.z3-version }}
-      build-time-dependencies: ${{ inputs.build-time-dependencies }}

.github/workflows/reusable-cpp-coverage.yml

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
       - if: ${{ inputs.setup-z3 }}
         name: Setup Z3
         uses: cda-tum/setup-z3@v1

.github/workflows/reusable-cpp-tests-macos.yml

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
       - if: ${{ inputs.setup-z3 }}
         name: Setup Z3
         uses: cda-tum/setup-z3@v1

.github/workflows/reusable-cpp-tests-ubuntu.yml

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
       - if: ${{ inputs.setup-z3 }}
         name: Setup Z3
         uses: cda-tum/setup-z3@v1

.github/workflows/reusable-cpp-tests-windows.yml

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
       - if: ${{ inputs.setup-z3 }}
         name: Setup Z3

.github/workflows/reusable-python-ci.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-python-tests.yml
     with:
       runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.12"]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-python-tests.yml
     with:
       runs-on: macos-latest
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.12"]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-python-tests.yml
     with:
       runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.12"]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-python-coverage.yml
     with:
       python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: cmake-format
         additional_dependencies: [pyyaml]
+        types: [file]
+        files: (\.cmake|CMakeLists.txt)(.in)?$
 
   # Format configuration files with prettier
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-prettier

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,31 +12,17 @@ include(cmake/StandardProjectSettings.cmake)
 include(cmake/PreventInSourceBuilds.cmake)
 include(cmake/PackageAddTest.cmake)
 include(cmake/Cache.cmake)
+include(cmake/Python.cmake)
 
 option(BUILD_MQT_CORE_BINDINGS "Build the MQT Core Python bindings" OFF)
 if(BUILD_MQT_CORE_BINDINGS)
   # ensure that the BINDINGS option is set
   set(BINDINGS
       ON
       CACHE INTERNAL "Enable settings related to Python bindings")
-
-  # top-level call to find Python
-  find_package(
-    Python 3.8 REQUIRED
-    COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.Module
-    OPTIONAL_COMPONENTS Development.SABIModule)
+  find_python()
 endif()
 
-# try to determine the version from either git or the Python package
-include(cmake/GetVersion.cmake)
-get_version()
-
-project(
-  mqt-core
-  LANGUAGES CXX
-  VERSION ${MQT_CORE_VERSION}
-  DESCRIPTION "MQT Core - The Backbone of the Munich Quantum Toolkit")
-
 # check if this is the master project or used via add_subdirectory
 if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL PROJECT_NAME)
   set(MQT_CORE_MASTER_PROJECT ON)
@@ -48,10 +34,20 @@ option(MQT_CORE_INSTALL "Generate installation instructions for MQT Core"
        ${MQT_CORE_MASTER_PROJECT})
 option(BUILD_MQT_CORE_TESTS "Also build tests for the MQT Core project" ${MQT_CORE_MASTER_PROJECT})
 
+# try to determine the project version
+include(cmake/GetVersion.cmake)
+get_mqt_core_version()
+
+project(
+  mqt-core
+  LANGUAGES CXX
+  VERSION ${MQT_CORE_VERSION}
+  DESCRIPTION "MQT Core - The Backbone of the Munich Quantum Toolkit")
+
 include(cmake/ExternalDependencies.cmake)
 
 # set the include directory for the build tree
-set(MQT_CORE_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+set(MQT_CORE_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mqt-core")
 
 # add main library code
 add_subdirectory(src)
@@ -68,7 +64,12 @@ if(BUILD_MQT_CORE_BENCHMARKS)
   add_subdirectory(eval)
 endif()
 
-if(NOT MQT_CORE_MASTER_PROJECT)
+if(MQT_CORE_MASTER_PROJECT)
+  configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/cmake_uninstall.cmake.in
+                 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake_uninstall.cmake IMMEDIATE @ONLY)
+  add_custom_target(uninstall COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -P
+                                      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake_uninstall.cmake)
+else()
   set(mqt-core_FOUND
       TRUE
       CACHE INTERNAL "True if mqt-core is found on the system")

cmake/CompilerOptions.cmake

@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ function(enable_project_options target_name)
     endif()
 
     # enable some more optimizations in release mode
-    target_compile_options(${target_name} INTERFACE $<$<CONFIG:RELEASE>:-fno-math-errno
-                                                    -ffinite-math-only -fno-trapping-math>)
+    target_compile_options(
+      ${target_name} INTERFACE $<$<CONFIG:RELEASE>:-fno-math-errno -ffinite-math-only
+                               -fno-trapping-math -fno-stack-protector>)
 
     # enable some more options for better debugging
     target_compile_options(