Merge branch 'main' into typewatch

* main: (38 commits)
  pythongh-98251: Allow venv to pass along PYTHON* variables to pip and ensurepip when they do not impact path resolution (pythonGH-98259)
  Bpo-41246: IOCP Proactor avoid callback code duplication (python#21399)
  bpo-46364: Use sockets for stdin of asyncio only on AIX (python#30596)
  pythongh-98178: syslog() is not thread-safe on macOS (python#98213)
  Mark all targets in `Doc/Makefile` as `PHONY` (pythonGH-98189)
  pythongh-97982: Factorize PyUnicode_Count() and unicode_count() code (python#98025)
  pythongh-96265: Formatting changes for faq/general (python#98129)
  tutorial: remove "with single quotes" (python#98204)
  pythongh-97669: Remove Tools/scripts/startuptime.py (python#98214)
  signalmodule.c uses _PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg() (python#98217)
  pythongh-97669: Fix test_tools reference leak (python#98216)
  pythongh-97669: Create Tools/patchcheck/ directory (python#98186)
  pythongh-65046: Link to logging cookbook from asyncio docs (python#98207)
  Formatting fixes in contextlib docs (python#98111)
  pythongh-95276: Add callable entry to the glossary (python#95738)
  pythongh-96130: Rephrase use of "typecheck" verb for clarity (python#98144)
  Fix some incorrect indentation around the main switch (python#98177)
  pythongh-98172: Fix formatting in `except*` docs (python#98173)
  pythongh-97982: Remove asciilib_count() (python#98164)
  pythongh-95756: Free and NULL-out code caches when needed (pythonGH-98181)
  ...

.azure-pipelines/posix-steps.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ steps:
 - ${{ if eq(parameters.patchcheck, 'true') }}:
   - script: |
       git fetch origin
-      ./python Tools/scripts/patchcheck.py --ci true
+      ./python Tools/patchcheck/patchcheck.py --ci true
     displayName: 'Run patchcheck.py'
     condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['Build.Reason'], 'PullRequest'))
 

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Add ccache to PATH
         run: echo "PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Configure ccache action
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
       - name: Check Autoconf version 2.69 and aclocal 1.16.3
         run: |
           grep "Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69" configure
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         echo "PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Configure ccache action
-      uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1
+      uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
     - name: Setup directory envs for out-of-tree builds
       run: |
         echo "CPYTHON_RO_SRCDIR=$(realpath -m ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/../cpython-ro-srcdir)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         echo "PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Configure ccache action
-      uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1
+      uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
     - name: Configure CPython
       run: ./configure --with-pydebug --with-openssl=$OPENSSL_DIR
     - name: Build CPython
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         echo "PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Configure ccache action
-      uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1
+      uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
     - name: Configure CPython
       run: ./configure --with-address-sanitizer --without-pymalloc
     - name: Build CPython

Doc/Makefile

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_elements.papersize=letterpaper
 ALLSPHINXOPTS = -b $(BUILDER) -d build/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) -j auto \
                 $(SPHINXOPTS) $(SPHINXERRORHANDLING) . build/$(BUILDER) $(SOURCES)
 
-.PHONY: help build html htmlhelp latex text texinfo changes linkcheck \
-	suspicious coverage doctest pydoc-topics htmlview clean dist check serve \
-	autobuild-dev autobuild-stable venv
+.PHONY: help build html htmlhelp latex text texinfo epub changes linkcheck \
+	coverage doctest pydoc-topics htmlview clean clean-venv venv dist check serve \
+	autobuild-dev autobuild-dev-html autobuild-stable autobuild-stable-html
 
 help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ help:
 	@echo "  doctest    to run doctests in the documentation"
 	@echo "  pydoc-topics  to regenerate the pydoc topics file"
 	@echo "  dist       to create a \"dist\" directory with archived docs for download"
-	@echo "  suspicious to check for suspicious markup in output text"
 	@echo "  check      to run a check for frequent markup errors"
 
 build:
@@ -110,18 +109,6 @@ linkcheck:
 	     "or in build/$(BUILDER)/output.txt"; \
 	false; }
 
-suspicious: BUILDER = suspicious
-suspicious:
-	@$(MAKE) build BUILDER=$(BUILDER) || { \
-	echo "Suspicious check complete; look for any errors in the above output" \
-	     "or in build/$(BUILDER)/suspicious.csv.  If all issues are false" \
-	     "positives, append that file to tools/susp-ignored.csv."; \
-	false; }
-	@echo "⚠ make suspicious is deprecated and will be removed soon."
-	@echo "⚠ Use:"
-	@echo "⚠     make check"
-	@echo "⚠ instead."
-
 coverage: BUILDER = coverage
 coverage: build
 	@echo "Coverage finished; see c.txt and python.txt in build/coverage"

Doc/README.rst

@@ -93,9 +93,6 @@ Available make targets are:
   plain text documentation for the labels defined in
   ``tools/pyspecific.py`` -- pydoc needs these to show topic and keyword help.
 
-* "suspicious", which checks the parsed markup for text that looks like
-  malformed and thus unconverted reST.
-
 * "check", which checks for frequent markup errors.
 
 * "serve", which serves the build/html directory on port 8000.

Doc/c-api/buffer.rst

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ a buffer, see :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`.
       For :term:`contiguous` arrays, the value points to the beginning of
       the memory block.
 
-   .. c:member:: void *obj
+   .. c:member:: PyObject *obj
 
       A new reference to the exporting object. The reference is owned by
       the consumer and automatically decremented and set to ``NULL`` by

Doc/c-api/memoryview.rst

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ any other object.
    *mview* **must** be a memoryview instance; this macro doesn't check its type,
    you must do it yourself or you will risk crashes.
 
-.. c:function:: Py_buffer *PyMemoryView_GET_BASE(PyObject *mview)
+.. c:function:: PyObject *PyMemoryView_GET_BASE(PyObject *mview)
 
    Return either a pointer to the exporting object that the memoryview is based
    on or ``NULL`` if the memoryview has been created by one of the functions

Doc/faq/general.rst

@@ -125,11 +125,15 @@ find packages of interest to you.
 How does the Python version numbering scheme work?
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Python versions are numbered A.B.C or A.B.  A is the major version number -- it
-is only incremented for really major changes in the language.  B is the minor
-version number, incremented for less earth-shattering changes.  C is the
-micro-level -- it is incremented for each bugfix release.  See :pep:`6` for more
-information about bugfix releases.
+Python versions are numbered "A.B.C" or "A.B":
+
+* *A* is the major version number -- it is only incremented for really major
+  changes in the language.
+* *B* is the minor version number -- it is incremented for less earth-shattering
+  changes.
+* *C* is the micro version number -- it is incremented for each bugfix release.
+
+See :pep:`6` for more information about bugfix releases.
 
 Not all releases are bugfix releases.  In the run-up to a new major release, a
 series of development releases are made, denoted as alpha, beta, or release
@@ -139,12 +143,14 @@ Betas are more stable, preserving existing interfaces but possibly adding new
 modules, and release candidates are frozen, making no changes except as needed
 to fix critical bugs.
 
-Alpha, beta and release candidate versions have an additional suffix.  The
-suffix for an alpha version is "aN" for some small number N, the suffix for a
-beta version is "bN" for some small number N, and the suffix for a release
-candidate version is "rcN" for some small number N.  In other words, all versions
-labeled 2.0aN precede the versions labeled 2.0bN, which precede versions labeled
-2.0rcN, and *those* precede 2.0.
+Alpha, beta and release candidate versions have an additional suffix:
+
+* The suffix for an alpha version is "aN" for some small number *N*.
+* The suffix for a beta version is "bN" for some small number *N*.
+* The suffix for a release candidate version is "rcN" for some small number *N*.
+
+In other words, all versions labeled *2.0aN* precede the versions labeled
+*2.0bN*, which precede versions labeled *2.0rcN*, and *those* precede 2.0.
 
 You may also find version numbers with a "+" suffix, e.g. "2.2+".  These are
 unreleased versions, built directly from the CPython development repository.  In
@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ With the interpreter, documentation is never far from the student as they are
 programming.
 
 There are also good IDEs for Python.  IDLE is a cross-platform IDE for Python
-that is written in Python using Tkinter.  PythonWin is a Windows-specific IDE.
+that is written in Python using Tkinter.
 Emacs users will be happy to know that there is a very good Python mode for
 Emacs.  All of these programming environments provide syntax highlighting,
 auto-indenting, and access to the interactive interpreter while coding.  Consult

Doc/glossary.rst

@@ -210,6 +210,16 @@ Glossary
       A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation for
       :ref:`the dis module <bytecodes>`.
 
+   callable
+      A callable is an object that can be called, possibly with a set
+      of arguments (see :term:`argument`), with the following syntax::
+
+         callable(argument1, argument2, ...)
+
+      A :term:`function`, and by extension a :term:`method`, is a callable.
+      An instance of a class that implements the :meth:`~object.__call__`
+      method is also a callable.
+
    callback
       A subroutine function which is passed as an argument to be executed at
       some point in the future.

Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst

@@ -332,6 +332,8 @@ configuration::
     print('complete')
 
 
+.. _blocking-handlers:
+
 Dealing with handlers that block
 --------------------------------
 

Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst

@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ adjusted::
 
 
 Network logging can block the event loop. It is recommended to use
-a separate thread for handling logs or use non-blocking IO.
+a separate thread for handling logs or use non-blocking IO. For example,
+see :ref:`blocking-handlers`.
 
 
 .. _asyncio-coroutine-not-scheduled:

Doc/library/contextlib.rst

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ Functions and classes provided:
               # Code to release resource, e.g.:
               release_resource(resource)
 
+   The function can then be used like this::
+
       >>> with managed_resource(timeout=3600) as resource:
       ...     # Resource is released at the end of this block,
       ...     # even if code in the block raises an exception
@@ -140,9 +142,9 @@ Functions and classes provided:
          finally:
              print(f'it took {time.monotonic() - now}s to run')
 
-      @timeit()
-      async def main():
-          # ... async code ...
+     @timeit()
+     async def main():
+         # ... async code ...
 
    When used as a decorator, a new generator instance is implicitly created on
    each function call. This allows the otherwise "one-shot" context managers
@@ -249,15 +251,15 @@ Functions and classes provided:
    :ref:`asynchronous context managers <async-context-managers>`::
 
        async def send_http(session=None):
-          if not session:
-              # If no http session, create it with aiohttp
-              cm = aiohttp.ClientSession()
-          else:
-              # Caller is responsible for closing the session
-              cm = nullcontext(session)
+           if not session:
+               # If no http session, create it with aiohttp
+               cm = aiohttp.ClientSession()
+           else:
+               # Caller is responsible for closing the session
+               cm = nullcontext(session)
 
-          async with cm as session:
-              # Send http requests with session
+           async with cm as session:
+               # Send http requests with session
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
@@ -396,6 +398,8 @@ Functions and classes provided:
               print('Finishing')
               return False
 
+   The class can then be used like this::
+
       >>> @mycontext()
       ... def function():
       ...     print('The bit in the middle')
@@ -466,6 +470,8 @@ Functions and classes provided:
               print('Finishing')
               return False
 
+   The class can then be used like this::
+
       >>> @mycontext()
       ... async def function():
       ...     print('The bit in the middle')

Doc/library/copyreg.rst

@@ -25,20 +25,17 @@ Such constructors may be factory functions or class instances.
    hence not valid as a constructor), raises :exc:`TypeError`.
 
 
-.. function:: pickle(type, function, constructor=None)
+.. function:: pickle(type, function, constructor_ob=None)
 
    Declares that *function* should be used as a "reduction" function for objects
    of type *type*.  *function* should return either a string or a tuple
-   containing two or three elements.
+   containing two or three elements. See the :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table`
+   for more details on the interface of *function*.
 
-   The optional *constructor* parameter, if provided, is a callable object which
-   can be used to reconstruct the object when called with the tuple of arguments
-   returned by *function* at pickling time.  A :exc:`TypeError` is raised if the
-   *constructor* is not callable.
+   The *constructor_ob* parameter is a legacy feature and is now ignored, but if
+   passed it must be a callable.
 
-   See the :mod:`pickle` module for more details on the interface
-   expected of *function* and *constructor*.  Note that the
-   :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` attribute of a pickler
+   Note that the :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table` attribute of a pickler
    object or subclass of :class:`pickle.Pickler` can also be used for
    declaring reduction functions.
 

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ process and user.
 
 .. function:: getenv(key, default=None)
 
-   Return the value of the environment variable *key* if it exists, or
-   *default* if it doesn't. *key*, *default* and the result are str. Note that
+   Return the value of the environment variable *key* as a string if it exists, or
+   *default* if it doesn't. *key* is a string. Note that
    since :func:`getenv` uses :data:`os.environ`, the mapping of :func:`getenv` is
    similarly also captured on import, and the function may not reflect
    future environment changes.
@@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ process and user.
 
 .. function:: getenvb(key, default=None)
 
-   Return the value of the environment variable *key* if it exists, or
-   *default* if it doesn't. *key*, *default* and the result are bytes. Note that
+   Return the value of the environment variable *key* as bytes if it exists, or
+   *default* if it doesn't. *key* must be bytes. Note that
    since :func:`getenvb` uses :data:`os.environb`, the mapping of :func:`getenvb` is
    similarly also captured on import, and the function may not reflect
    future environment changes.

Doc/library/typing.rst

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ A type alias is defined by assigning the type to the alias. In this example,
    def scale(scalar: float, vector: Vector) -> Vector:
        return [scalar * num for num in vector]
 
-   # typechecks; a list of floats qualifies as a Vector.
+   # passes type checking; a list of floats qualifies as a Vector.
    new_vector = scale(2.0, [1.0, -4.2, 5.4])
 
 Type aliases are useful for simplifying complex type signatures. For example::
@@ -147,10 +147,10 @@ of the original type. This is useful in helping catch logical errors::
    def get_user_name(user_id: UserId) -> str:
        ...
 
-   # typechecks
+   # passes type checking
    user_a = get_user_name(UserId(42351))
 
-   # does not typecheck; an int is not a UserId
+   # fails type checking; an int is not a UserId
    user_b = get_user_name(-1)
 
 You may still perform all ``int`` operations on a variable of type ``UserId``,
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ It is invalid to create a subtype of ``Derived``::
 
    UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
 
-   # Fails at runtime and does not typecheck
+   # Fails at runtime and does not pass type checking
    class AdminUserId(UserId): pass
 
 However, it is possible to create a :class:`NewType` based on a 'derived' ``NewType``::
@@ -463,12 +463,12 @@ value of type :data:`Any` and assign it to any variable::
    s = a           # OK
 
    def foo(item: Any) -> int:
-       # Typechecks; 'item' could be any type,
+       # Passes type checking; 'item' could be any type,
        # and that type might have a 'bar' method
        item.bar()
        ...
 
-Notice that no typechecking is performed when assigning a value of type
+Notice that no type checking is performed when assigning a value of type
 :data:`Any` to a more precise type. For example, the static type checker did
 not report an error when assigning ``a`` to ``s`` even though ``s`` was
 declared to be of type :class:`str` and receives an :class:`int` value at
@@ -500,20 +500,20 @@ reject almost all operations on it, and assigning it to a variable (or using
 it as a return value) of a more specialized type is a type error. For example::
 
    def hash_a(item: object) -> int:
-       # Fails; an object does not have a 'magic' method.
+       # Fails type checking; an object does not have a 'magic' method.
        item.magic()
        ...
 
    def hash_b(item: Any) -> int:
-       # Typechecks
+       # Passes type checking
        item.magic()
        ...
 
-   # Typechecks, since ints and strs are subclasses of object
+   # Passes type checking, since ints and strs are subclasses of object
    hash_a(42)
    hash_a("foo")
 
-   # Typechecks, since Any is compatible with all types
+   # Passes type checking, since Any is compatible with all types
    hash_b(42)
    hash_b("foo")