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jpengar committed Oct 10, 2024
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Some CAMARA APIs process Personal Data and according to local regulations may require a “legal basis” to do so (e.g. "legitimate interest”, “contract”, “consent”). Operator API Exposure Platforms exposing CAMARA APIs should be built with a privacy-by-design approach to fully comply with any relevant data protection requirements and regulations, such as [GDPR](https://gdpr-info.eu/) in Europe.

**CAMARA API access will be secured using [OpenID Connect](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) (OIDC) on top of [OAuth 2.0 protocol](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749) following the [CAMARA Security and Interoperability Profile](https://github.com/camaraproject/IdentityAndConsentManagement/blob/main/documentation/CAMARA-Security-Interoperability.md)**.
**CAMARA API access will be secured using [OpenID Connect](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) (OIDC) on top of [OAuth 2.0 protocol](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749) following the [CAMARA Security and Interoperability Profile](CAMARA-Security-Interoperability.md)**.

This document defines guidelines for the Operator's API Exposure Platform to manage CAMARA API access and when applicable, User Consent to comply with data protection requirements, and it introduces the formal concept of Purpose within an API invocation. Note that the document is predominantly based on concepts defined within GDPR regulations, however the proposed solution and concepts are generic and can by mapped to any relevant local data protection regulations.

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* Authorization code flow (Frontend flow) - Used to obtain a Three-Legged Access Token from the Authorization Server and initiated from the Consumption Device
* CIBA flow (Backend flow) - Used to obtain a Three-Legged Access Token from the Authorization Server and initiated from the ASP's Application Backend
* Client Credentials - Used to obtain a Two-Legged Access Token from the Authorization Server when Personal Data is not processed within the CAMARA API
* Client Credentials - Used to obtain a Two-Legged Access Token from the Authorization Server

Note: In cases where Personal Data is processed by a CAMARA API, and Users can exercise their rights through mechanisms such as opt-in and/or opt-out, the use of Three-Legged Access Tokens is mandatory.

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**Flow description**:
First, the API Invoker (e.g. Application Backend or Aggregator) requests a Three-Legged Access Token from the Operator's API Exposure Platform. The process follows the OpenID Connect [Client-Initiated Backchannel Authentication (CIBA)](https://openid.net/specs/openid-client-initiated-backchannel-authentication-core-1_0.html) flow.

The API Invoker provides in the authorization request (/bc_authorize) a login_hint with a valid User identifier together with the application credentials (the client_id of the Application requesting access to the data) and indicates the Purpose for processing Personal Data (Step 1). The login_hint formats for CAMARA and the way to declare a Purpose when accessing the CAMARA APIs is defined in the [CAMARA Security and Interoperability Profile](https://github.com/camaraproject/IdentityAndConsentManagement/blob/main/documentation/CAMARA-Security-Interoperability.md).
The API Invoker provides in the authorization request (/bc_authorize) a login_hint with a valid User identifier together with the application credentials (the client_id of the Application requesting access to the data) and indicates the Purpose for processing Personal Data (Step 1). The login_hint formats for CAMARA and the way to declare a Purpose when accessing the CAMARA APIs is defined in the [CAMARA Security and Interoperability Profile](CAMARA-Security-Interoperability.md).

The Operator's API Exposure Platform will:

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#### Client Credentials
The [OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.4) grant type is used to obtain a Two-Legged Access Token that does not represent a User. More details about what CAMARA defines for this grant type and it's usage can be found in the [CAMARA Security and Interoperability Profile](https://github.com/camaraproject/IdentityAndConsentManagement/blob/main/documentation/CAMARA-Security-Interoperability.md).
The [OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.4) grant type is used to obtain a Two-Legged Access Token that does not represent a User. More details about what CAMARA defines for this grant type and it's usage can be found in the [CAMARA Security and Interoperability Profile](CAMARA-Security-Interoperability.md).
## CAMARA API Specification - Authorization and authentication common guidelines
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