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Add HostAlignedByteCount to enforce alignment at compile time #9620

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merged 2 commits into from
Nov 22, 2024

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sunshowers
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@sunshowers sunshowers commented Nov 19, 2024

As part of the work to allow mmaps to be backed by other implementations (#9544), I realized that we didn't have any way to track whether a particular usize is host-page-aligned at compile time.

Add a HostAlignedByteCount which tracks that a particular usize is aligned to the host page size. This also does not expose safe unchecked arithmetic operations, to ensure that overflows are always handled.

With HostAlignedByteCount, a lot of runtime checks can go away thanks to the type-level assertion.

In the interest of keeping the diff relatively small, I haven't converted everything over yet. More code can be converted over as we go along.

@sunshowers sunshowers requested a review from a team as a code owner November 19, 2024 02:29
@sunshowers sunshowers requested review from alexcrichton and removed request for a team November 19, 2024 02:29
Comment on lines +161 to +168
let stack_size = self.stack_size.byte_count() - self.page_size.byte_count();
let bottom_of_stack = top - stack_size;
let start_of_stack = bottom_of_stack - self.page_size;
let start_of_stack = bottom_of_stack - self.page_size.byte_count();
assert!(start_of_stack >= base && start_of_stack < (base + len));
assert!((start_of_stack - base) % self.stack_size == 0);
assert!((start_of_stack - base) % self.stack_size.byte_count() == 0);
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This code and the similar section below would be good to convert over, but I decided to do this in a followup.

@sunshowers sunshowers force-pushed the host-aligned branch 2 times, most recently from a64e06d to 7546b03 Compare November 19, 2024 02:40
@github-actions github-actions bot added the wasmtime:api Related to the API of the `wasmtime` crate itself label Nov 19, 2024
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I started working on a followup as well: 03efe42

Unfortunately GitHub's review flow does not let you manage stacked PRs unless you have push access to the destination repo, so I'll have to put these up one at a time. Sigh :(

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Thanks for this!

crates/wasmtime/src/runtime/vm.rs Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
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As a heads up I'm adding #9614 to the merge queue which is going to have a number of conflicts with this. It should (hopefully) be just a few #[cfg(feature = "signals-based-traps")] in a few places but if anything is overly difficult or onerous lemme know and I can help out

sunshowers added a commit to sunshowers/wasmtime that referenced this pull request Nov 20, 2024
…maps

In the wasmtime codebase there are two kinds of mmaps: those that are always
backed by anonymous memory and are always aligned, and those that are possibly
file-backed and so the length might be unaligned. In
bytecodealliance#9620 I accidentally mixed the
two up in a way that was a ticking time bomb.

To resolve this, add a type parameter to `Mmap` to distinguish between the
cases. All of wasmtime's users are clearly either one or the other, so it's
quite simple in the end.
github-merge-queue bot pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Nov 20, 2024
…maps (#9639)

In the wasmtime codebase there are two kinds of mmaps: those that are always
backed by anonymous memory and are always aligned, and those that are possibly
file-backed and so the length might be unaligned. In
#9620 I accidentally mixed the
two up in a way that was a ticking time bomb.

To resolve this, add a type parameter to `Mmap` to distinguish between the
cases. All of wasmtime's users are clearly either one or the other, so it's
quite simple in the end.
@sunshowers sunshowers force-pushed the host-aligned branch 2 times, most recently from 9070ae2 to ef285a4 Compare November 20, 2024 22:47
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(Apologies for the force push -- had to do it as part of the rebase. GH makes me cry)

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Thanks again for this!

@alexcrichton alexcrichton added this pull request to the merge queue Nov 21, 2024
@github-merge-queue github-merge-queue bot removed this pull request from the merge queue due to failed status checks Nov 21, 2024
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All right, think I fixed the Miri issue.

@alexcrichton alexcrichton added this pull request to the merge queue Nov 21, 2024
@github-merge-queue github-merge-queue bot removed this pull request from the merge queue due to failed status checks Nov 21, 2024

// If the Wasm memory's page size is smaller than the host's page
// size, then we might not need to actually change permissions,
// since we are forced to round our accessible range up to the
// host's page size.
if new_accessible > self.accessible() {
if let Ok(difference) = new_accessible.checked_sub(self.accessible()) {
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I think this may be the source of the bug, albeit it's a bit indirect. Previously the > condition is now morally becoming >= since new_accessible == self.accessible() didn't run this block before but it's now running this block with difference == 0. I think then it may be the case that mprotect for 0 bytes is succeeding on unix but failing on Windows.

On Linux I see mprotect(0x740d36001000, 0, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0 in strace with this patch when running the failing spec test and while I haven't executed this on Windows this is what I would suspect is going on.

Another option is to update the Mmap type to skip make_accessible when the byte size is zero which I think would also be reasonable.

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Oh that's terrifying -- I'm going to fix this (probably by making make_accessible ignore zero-sized regions) and go through this code again to make sure I didn't miss any other sign changes. Thanks for diagnosing this!

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@sunshowers sunshowers Nov 22, 2024

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Made make_accessible a no-op on zero-length allocations, as well as the other mprotect calls (make_executable and make_readonly). They also had this as a lurking bug because they had assertions that range.start <= range.end, not range.start < range.end.

I've also added tests for zero-length calls, and re-reviewed all of the sign changes -- didn't see any other errors.

As part of the work to allow mmaps to be backed by other implementations, I
realized that we didn't have any way to track whether a particular usize is
host-page-aligned at compile time.

Add a `HostAlignedByteCount` which tracks that a particular usize is aligned to
the host page size. This also does not expose safe unchecked arithmetic
operations, to ensure that overflows always error out.

With `HostAlignedByteCount`, a lot of runtime checks can go away thanks to the
type-level assertion.

In the interest of keeping the diff relatively small, I haven't converted
everything over yet. More can be converted over as time permits.
@alexcrichton alexcrichton added this pull request to the merge queue Nov 22, 2024
Merged via the queue into bytecodealliance:main with commit 74a703b Nov 22, 2024
40 checks passed
@sunshowers sunshowers deleted the host-aligned branch November 23, 2024 01:03
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