Only allow whitelisted protocols to load in tor tabs

[diracdeltas]

fix #14664

Submitter Checklist:

• Submitted a ticket for my issue if one did not already exist.
• Used Github auto-closing keywords in the commit message.
• Added/updated tests for this change (for new code or code which already has tests).
• Ran git rebase -i to squash commits (if needed).
• Tagged reviewers and labelled the pull request as needed.
• Request a security/privacy review as needed. (Ask a Brave employee to help if you cannot access this document.)

Test Plan:

Reviewer Checklist:

• Request a security/privacy review as needed if one was not already requested.

Tests

• Adequate test coverage exists to prevent regressions
• Tests should be independent and work correctly when run individually or as a suite ref
• New files have MPL2 license header

[riastradh-brave]

Can we provide some more obvious feedback than a message to the console? Right now with this branch Brave acts like it has completely ignored the input altogether in the UI.

[diracdeltas]

@riastradh-brave done!

[bsclifton]

master 6a9a158
0.24.x 97d904d
0.23.x 96fbc2d