Added documentation on EKS and KEDA

docs/user-guide/cookbooks/index.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 - [x] [Start/Stop EC2/RDS instances using schedule or manual endpoint](./schedule-start-stop-ec2.md)
 - [x] [Calculate VPC subnet CIDRs](./VPC-subnet-calculator.md)
 - [x] [Kubernetes in different stages](./k8s.md)
+- [x] [KEDA: Kubernetes autoscaling](./k8s.keda.md)
 - [x] [Encrypting/decrypting files with SOPS+KMS](./sops-kms.md)
 - [x] [Enable/Disable nat gateway](./enable-nat-gateway.md)
 - [x] [ArgoCD add external cluster](./argocd-external-cluster.md)

docs/user-guide/cookbooks/k8s.keda.md

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+# K8s pod autoscaling with KEDA
+
+Kubernetes, a powerful container orchestration platform, revolutionized the way applications are deployed and managed. However, scaling applications to meet fluctuating workloads can be a complex task. KEDA, a Kubernetes-based Event-Driven Autoscaler, provides a simple yet effective solution to automatically scale Kubernetes Pods based on various metrics, including resource utilization, custom metrics, and external events.
+
+## Goal
+
+To install and configure KEDA on an EKS Cluster created on the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) way.
+
+!!! Note
+    To read more on how to create the EKS Cluster on the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) way, read [here](./k8s.md).
+
+**Note** for the following example we will be using a Kedacore plugin called [http-add-on](https://github.com/kedacore/http-add-on/).
+
+!!! Note
+    To lear more about KEDA read [the official site](https://keda.sh/docs/2.15/).
+
+![KEDA](https://keda.sh/img/logos/keda-icon-color.png)
+
+### Assumptions
+
+We are assuming the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) [Landing Zone](https://leverage.binbash.co/try-leverage/) is deployed, an account called `apps-devstg` was created and region `us-east-1` is being used. In any case you can adapt these examples to other scenarios.
+
+---
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+To install KEDA, just enable it in the components layer [here](https://github.com/binbashar/le-tf-infra-aws/tree/master/apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/k8s-components).
+
+Note `enable_keda` has to be enabled and, for the next example, also enable `enable_keda_http_add_on`.
+
+To read more on how to enable components see [here](./k8s.md#eks).
+
+## Giving it a try!
+
+Now, let's create an example so we can show how KEDA Works
+
+We will deploy a simple NGINX server.
+
+These are the manifests for NGINX.
+
+Let's create a namespace:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: demoapps
+  labels:
+    name: demoapps
+```
+
+This is the `nginx.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: nginx-deployment
+  namespace: demoapps
+  labels:
+    app: nginx
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: nginx
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: nginx
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: nginx-container
+        image: nginx:latest
+```
+
+And this is the `service.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: nginx-svc
+  namespace: demoapps
+spec:
+  type: NodePort
+  selector:
+    app: nginx
+  ports:
+    - protocol: TCP
+      port: 80
+      targetPort: 80
+```
+
+Deploy the resources using `kubectl`.
+
+!!! Info
+    Note you can use `kubectl` through [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/), for more info read [here](../../leverage-cli/reference/kubectl/).
+
+These are the deployed resources:
+
+```shell
+NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+pod/nginx-deployment-5bb85d69d8-g997n   1/1     Running   0          55s
+
+NAME                TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
+service/nginx-svc   NodePort   10.100.222.129   <none>        80:30414/TCP   54s
+
+NAME                               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
+deployment.apps/nginx-deployment   1/1     1            1           56s
+
+NAME                                          DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
+replicaset.apps/nginx-deployment-5bb85d69d8   1         1         1       56s
+```
+
+To try it, create a port-forward to the service and hit it from your browser.
+
+```shell
+kubectl port-forward -n demoapps svc/nginx-svc 8080:80
+```
+
+Try it!
+
+```shell
+curl localhost:8080
+```
+
+Now, it has no horizontal autoscaling tool (HPA), so it won't scale. I.e. it always will have one pod (as per the manifests).
+
+Let's create then a KEDA autoscaler!
+
+This is the manifest:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: http.keda.sh/v1alpha1
+kind: HTTPScaledObject
+metadata:
+   name: nginx-scaledobject
+   namespace: demoapps
+spec:
+   hosts:
+     - "thehostname.internal"
+   targetPendingRequests: 100
+   scaleTargetRef:
+       deployment: nginx-deployment
+       service: nginx-svc
+       port: 80
+   replicas:
+       min: 0
+       max: 10
+```
+
+It can be seen an HPA and a custom resource were created:
+
+
+```shell
+NAME                                                              REFERENCE                     TARGETS               MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
+horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/keda-hpa-nginx-scaledobject   Deployment/nginx-deployment   <unknown>/100 (avg)   1         10        0          15s
+
+NAME                 TARGETWORKLOAD                        TARGETSERVICE   MINREPLICAS   MAXREPLICAS   AGE   ACTIVE
+nginx-scaledobject   apps/v1/Deployment/nginx-deployment   nginx-svc:80    0             10            52s
+```
+
+Note in the HPA no replicas are in place, i.e. no pods for our app. Now if you try:
+
+```shell
+kubectl port-forward -n demoapps svc/nginx-svc 8080:80
+```
+
+...it will fail, since no pod are available to answer the service.
+
+Instead we have to hit a KEDA intercepter, that will route the traffic using the Hosts in the `HTTPScaledObject` object.
+
+We've set `thehostname.internal` as the name, so let's port-forward the intercepter...
+
+```shell
+kubectl port-forward -n keda svc/keda-add-ons-http-interceptor-proxy 8080:8080
+```
+
+...and hit it with the Host header set:
+
+```shell
+curl localhost:8080 -H "Host: thehostname.internal"
+```
+
+If you check the HPA now it will have at least one replica.
+
+!!! Note
+    Note the first query will have a delay since the pod has to be created.
+
+Then if you cancel the port-forward and wait for a while, the deployment will be scaled-down to zero again.
+
+Voilà!
+
+!!! Note
+    There are other ways to configure KEDA, e.g. using Prometheus metrics, read more [here](https://keda.sh/docs/2.15/concepts/).
+
+## Final thoughts
+
+Given the scale-to-zero feature for pods, KEDA is a great match to Karpenter!

docs/user-guide/cookbooks/k8s.md

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ See also [here](/user-guide/ref-architecture-eks/overview/).
 
 ### Goal
 
-A cluster with one node (worker) and the control plane managed by AWS is deployed here.
+A cluster with one node (worker) per AZ and the control plane managed by AWS is deployed here.
 
 Cluster autoscaler is used to create more nodes.
 
@@ -275,26 +275,83 @@ These are the steps:
 
 - 0 - copy the [K8s EKS layer](https://github.com/binbashar/le-tf-infra-aws/tree/master/apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks) to your [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) project.
     - paste the layer under the `apps-devstg/us-east-1` account/region directory
-- 1 - apply layers
-- 2 - access the cluster
+- 1 - create the network
+- 2 - Add path to the VPN Server
+- 3 - create the cluster and dependencies/components
+- 4 - access the cluster
 
 --- 
 
 #### 0 - Copy the layer
 
-A few methods can be used to download the [KOPS layer](https://github.com/binbashar/le-tf-infra-aws/tree/master/apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks) directory into the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) project.
+A few methods can be used to download the [K8s EKS layer](https://github.com/binbashar/le-tf-infra-aws/tree/master/apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks) directory into the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) project.
 
 E.g. [this addon](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/gitzip/?utm_source=addons.mozilla.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=search) is a nice way to do it.
 
-Paste this layer into the account/region chosen to host this, e.g. `apps-devstg/us-east-1/`, so the final layer is `apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/`.
+Paste this layer into the account/region chosen to host this, e.g. `apps-devstg/us-east-1/`, so the final layer is `apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/`. Note you can change the layer name (and CIDRs and cluster name) if you already have an EKS cluster in this Account/Region.
 
-#### 1 - Apply layers
+#### 1 - Create the network
 
-First go into each layer and config the Terraform S3 background key, CIDR for the network, names, addons, etc.
+First go into the network layer (e.g. `apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/network`) and config the Terraform S3 background key, CIDR for the network, names, etc.
+
+```shell
+cd apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/network
+```
+
+Then, from inside the layer run:
+
+```shell
+leverage tf init
+leverage tf apply
+```
+
+#### 2 - Add the path to the VPN server
+
+Since we are working on a private subnet (as per the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) and the AWS Well Architected Framework best practices), we need to set the VPN routes up.
+
+If you are using the [Pritunl VPN server](../VPN-server/) (as per the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) recommendations), add the route to the CIDR set in the step 1 to the server you are using to connect to the VPN.
+
+Then, connect to the VPN to access the private space.
+
+#### 3 - Create the cluster
+
+First go into each layer and config the Terraform S3 background key, names, addons, the components to install, etc.
+
+```shell
+cd apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/
+```
 
 Then apply layers as follow:
 
 ```shell
-leverage tf init --layers network,cluster,identities,addons,k8s-components
-leverage tf apply --layers network,cluster,identities,addons,k8s-components
+leverage tf init --layers cluster,identities,addons,k8s-components
+leverage tf apply --layers cluster,identities,addons,k8s-components
 ```
+
+#### 4 - Access the cluster
+
+Go into the cluster layer:
+
+```shell
+cd apps-devstg/us-east-1/k8s-eks/cluster
+```
+
+Use the embedded `kubectl` to config the context:
+
+```shell
+leverage kubectl configure
+```
+
+!!! Info
+    You can export the context to use it with stand alone `kubectl`.
+
+Once this process is done, you'll end up with temporary credentials created for `kubectl`.
+
+Now you can try a `kubectl` command, e.g.:
+
+```shell
+leverage kubectl get ns
+```
+
+!!! Info
+    If you've followed the [**binbash Leverage**](https://leverage.binbash.co/) recommendations, your cluster will live on a private subnet, so you need to connect to the VPN in order to access the K8s API.

mkdocs.yml

@@ -298,6 +298,7 @@ nav:
       - Start/Stop EC2/RDS instances using schedule or manual endpoint: "user-guide/cookbooks/schedule-start-stop-ec2.md"
       - Calculate VPC cubnet CIDRs: "user-guide/cookbooks/VPC-subnet-calculator.md"
       - Kubernetes in different stages: "user-guide/cookbooks/k8s.md"
+      - KEDA, Kubernetes autoscaling: "user-guide/cookbooks/k8s.keda.md"
       - Encrypting/decrypting files with SOPS+KMS: "user-guide/cookbooks/sops-kms.md"
       - Enable/Disable nat gateway: "user-guide/cookbooks/enable-nat-gateway.md"
       - ArgoCD add external cluster: "user-guide/cookbooks/argocd-external-cluster.md"