sphinxdocs: add typedef directive for documenting user-defined types

[rickeylev]

This adds support for documenting user-defined Starlark "types". Starlark doesn't have
user-defined types as a first-class concept, but an equivalent can be done by using
struct with lambdas and closures. On the documentation side, the structure of these
objects can be shown by have a module-level struct with matching attributes.

On the Sphinx side of things, this is simple to support (and the functionality was largely
already there): it's just having a directive with other directives within it (this
is the same way other languages handle it).

On the Starlark side of things, its a bit more complicated. Stardoc can process a
module-level struct, but essentially returns a list of (dotted_name, object_proto),
and it will only include object types it recognizes (e.g. functions, providers, rules, etc).

To work within this limitation, the proto-to-markdown converter special cases the name
"TYPEDEF" to indicate a typedef. Everything with the same prefix is then treated as
a member of the typedef and nested within the generated typedef directive. Conveniently,
because the "TYPEDEF" object is a function, it can then include that in the output
and we get "class doc" functionality for free.

This is mostly motivated by converting rules_testing to use sphinxdocs. While rules_python
has a couple user-define types (e.g. the depset/runfiles/PyInfo builders),
rules_testing has dozens of such types, which makes it untenable to hand-write docs
describing them all. Today, rules_testing is already mostly following the format sphinxdocs
proscribes to generate its at https://rules-testing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/index.html,
and it's worked pretty well.