Cherrypick for 4.2.0 Add the TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY macro to linux-sandbox-pid1.cc.

[ZacxDev]

Cherrypick request for 4.2.0 (#13558).

This allows us to build Bazel on Linux systems which use a C standard library that does not include this macro, like Alpine Linux (which uses musl).

Fixes #12460.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 374873483

Original Commit:

bcce6dd

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[ZacxDev]

@googlebot I signed it!