Support building DbtDag without setting paths in ProjectConfig

[tatiana]

Previously, users were unable to run a DbtDag or DbtTask group where the following was used:

• RenderMode.DBT_LS
• ExecutionConfig(dbt_project_path)
• RenderConfig(dbt_project_path)

This scenario can be helpful when using ExecutionMode.KUBERNETES or other similar ones and was found out during: #1297

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[tatiana]

There are two checks currently failing in this PR:

1. Related to the existing latency issue when building (3.8, 2.6) dependencies, which is addressed in [CI] Reduce the amount taking to run tests in the CI from 5h to 11min #1297
2. Issue related to a dbt conflict with the protobuf version:

  File "/home/runner/work/astronomer-cosmos/astronomer-cosmos/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dbt_common/events/base_types.py", line 139, in msg_from_base_event
    "msg": event.message(),
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/runner/work/astronomer-cosmos/astronomer-cosmos/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dbt/events/types.py", line 2059, in message
    return f"Resource report: {self.to_json()}"
                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/runner/work/astronomer-cosmos/astronomer-cosmos/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dbt_common/events/base_types.py", line 98, in to_json
    return MessageToJson(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: MessageToJson() got an unexpected keyword argument 'including_default_value_fields'

dbt-labs/dbt-core#9759

The current PR causes neither issue.

I rebased PR #1297 using this branch and confirmed both issues are resolved in: https://github.com/astronomer/astronomer-cosmos/actions/runs/11706266140

[pankajkoti]

LGTM. Thanks for finding the issue, isolating & creating a PR for this. Looks robust now.