fix(anta): Catalog issues when parsed data has the wrong type

[gmuloc]

Description

More Guards

Fixes #457
Fixes #460

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my code
• I have run pre-commit for code linting and typing (pre-commit run)
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes (tox -e testenv)

[mtache]

I've just refactored parse() to use the code from from_dict() to avoid code duplication.