Compile extract all artifacts

[cmaglie]

Please check if the PR fulfills these requirements

• The PR has no duplicates
• The PR follows our contributing guidelines
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)

What kind of change does this PR introduce?
This PR implements the suggestion from @rsora -> #675 (comment)
In short:

• the build artifacts are now saved in the sketch/build/<FQBN>/... directory without any rename
• all sketch.ino.* files are copied (including .map, .lst, .elf, .zip etc.)

Example:

$ pwd
/home/cmaglie/Arduino/Blink

$ ls
Blink.ino

$ arduino-cli compile -b arduino:avr:uno
Sketch uses 968 bytes (3%) of program storage space. Maximum is 32256 bytes.
Global variables use 11 bytes (0%) of dynamic memory, leaving 2037 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 2048 bytes.

$ ls
Blink.ino  build

$ ls build/
arduino.avr.uno

$ ls build/arduino.avr.uno/
Blink.ino.eep  Blink.ino.elf  Blink.ino.hex  Blink.ino.with_bootloader.hex

$ arduino-cli compile -b arduino:samd:mkr1000
Sketch uses 11204 bytes (4%) of program storage space. Maximum is 262144 bytes.
Global variables use 2368 bytes of dynamic memory.

$ ls build/
arduino.avr.uno  arduino.samd.mkr1000

$ ls build/arduino.samd.mkr1000/
Blink.ino.bin  Blink.ino.elf  Blink.ino.hex  Blink.ino.map  Blink.ino.with_bootloader.hex

$ arduino-cli compile -b arduino:samd:mkr1000 --output-dir anotherdir
Sketch uses 11204 bytes (4%) of program storage space. Maximum is 262144 bytes.
Global variables use 2368 bytes of dynamic memory.

$ ls anotherdir/
Blink.ino.bin  Blink.ino.elf  Blink.ino.hex  Blink.ino.map  Blink.ino.with_bootloader.hex

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?
The options compile --output/-o and upload --input/-i have been removed and replaced by compile --output-dir and upload --input-dir respectively.

Closes #675
Closes #655

[per1234]

Thanks cmaglie! I tried it out with an assortment of platforms and had no problems uploading.

[ubidefeo]

tested a bunch of boards with ESP32, ESP8266, SAMD21, ATMega32u4, ATMega328, they all worked and uploaded correctly

[rsora]

This PR should solve also #641 and #476

[ubidefeo]

I can't give feedback on code changes but the feature works and makes everything much more cleaner

[rsora]

This PR should also solve #673

[rsora]

Excellent! LGTM!
I have tested how this changes affects the debug feature and it's all 👍 (wih a MKRZero)