Fix Sharding column not tracked through aliases

[TherChenYang]

Fixes #31656.

Changes proposed in this pull request:

• Fix Sharding column not tracked through aliases
• When there is an alias for our sharded column, errors may occur in judging the shard condition, leading to routing all tables in the database.
• When the alias of our regular column happens to be the same as the partitioned column, it will also incorrectly judge the slice condition, resulting in an incorrect route.

-- alias for sharding column
SELECT * FROM (SELECT account_id aliased_account_id FROM t_account) t1 WHERE aliased_account_id  = 100

-- Incorrect routing result
SELECT * FROM (SELECT account_id aliased_account_id FROM t_account_0) t1 WHERE aliased_account_id  = 100
SELECT * FROM (SELECT account_id aliased_account_id FROM t_account_1) t1 WHERE aliased_account_id  = 100

-- Correct routing result
SELECT * FROM (SELECT account_id aliased_account_id FROM t_account_0) t1 WHERE aliased_account_id  = 100

--- sharding column with alias 
SELECT * FROM (SELECT amount account_id FROM t_account) t1 WHERE account_id  = 100

-- Incorrect routing result
SELECT * FROM (SELECT amount account_id FROM t_account_0) t1 WHERE account_id  = 100

-- Correct routing result
SELECT * FROM (SELECT amount account_id FROM t_account_0) t1 WHERE account_id  = 100
SELECT * FROM (SELECT amount account_id FROM t_account_1) t1 WHERE account_id  = 100

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[strongduanmu]

@TherChenYang Thank you for your work, merged.