[feat] Support schema field type promotion (#159)

## Motivation

The client is not correctly following [Avro's type promotion rules](https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/specification/#schema-resolution), leading to a potential problem with data serialization and deserialization.

The expected behavior is that the Python client should correctly follow Avro's type promotion rules and perform type conversion when necessary, ensuring compatibility. However the actual behavior is that the Python client's schema deserialization is too strict, and type promotion is not happening as expected.

## Modification

- Support schema field type promotion when validating the python type
- Convert the field value to the desired compatible python type

pulsar/schema/definition.py

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def validate_type(self, name, val):
         if val is None and not self._required:
             return self.default()
 
-        if type(val) != self.python_type():
+        if not isinstance(val, self.python_type()):
             raise TypeError("Invalid type '%s' for field '%s'. Expected: %s" % (type(val), name, _string_representation(self.python_type())))
         return val
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ def type(self):
         return 'float'
 
     def python_type(self):
-        return float
+        return float, int
 
     def default(self):
         if self._default is not None:
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def type(self):
         return 'double'
 
     def python_type(self):
-        return float
+        return float, int
 
     def default(self):
         if self._default is not None:
@@ -337,30 +337,37 @@ def type(self):
         return 'bytes'
 
     def python_type(self):
-        return bytes
+        return bytes, str
 
     def default(self):
         if self._default is not None:
             return self._default
         else:
             return None
 
+    def validate_type(self, name, val):
+        if isinstance(val, str):
+            return val.encode()
+        return val
+
 
 class String(Field):
     def type(self):
         return 'string'
 
     def python_type(self):
-        return str
+        return str, bytes
 
     def validate_type(self, name, val):
         t = type(val)
 
         if val is None and not self._required:
             return self.default()
 
-        if not (t is str or t.__name__ == 'unicode'):
+        if not (isinstance(val, (str, bytes)) or t.__name__ == 'unicode'):
             raise TypeError("Invalid type '%s' for field '%s'. Expected a string" % (t, name))
+        if isinstance(val, bytes):
+            return val.decode()
         return val
 
     def default(self):
@@ -406,7 +413,7 @@ def validate_type(self, name, val):
             else:
                 raise TypeError(
                     "Invalid enum value '%s' for field '%s'. Expected: %s" % (val, name, self.values.keys()))
-        elif type(val) != self.python_type():
+        elif not isinstance(val, self.python_type()):
             raise TypeError("Invalid type '%s' for field '%s'. Expected: %s" % (type(val), name, _string_representation(self.python_type())))
         else:
             return val
@@ -450,7 +457,7 @@ def validate_type(self, name, val):
         super(Array, self).validate_type(name, val)
 
         for x in val:
-            if type(x) != self.array_type.python_type():
+            if not isinstance(x, self.array_type.python_type()):
                 raise TypeError('Array field ' + name + ' items should all be of type ' +
                                 _string_representation(self.array_type.type()))
         return val
@@ -493,7 +500,7 @@ def validate_type(self, name, val):
         for k, v in val.items():
             if type(k) != str and not is_unicode(k):
                 raise TypeError('Map keys for field ' + name + '  should all be strings')
-            if type(v) != self.value_type.python_type():
+            if not isinstance(v, self.value_type.python_type()):
                 raise TypeError('Map values for field ' + name + ' should all be of type '
                                 + _string_representation(self.value_type.python_type()))
 

pulsar/schema/schema.py

@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ def __init__(self, record_cls):
     def _get_serialized_value(self, o):
         if isinstance(o, enum.Enum):
             return o.value
+        elif isinstance(o, bytes):
+            return o.decode()
         else:
             data = o.__dict__.copy()
             remove_reserved_key(data)

tests/schema_test.py

@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@
                     format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)-5s %(message)s')
 
 
+class ExampleRecord(Record):
+    str_field = String()
+    int_field = Integer()
+    float_field = Float()
+    bytes_field = Bytes()
+
 class SchemaTest(TestCase):
 
     serviceUrl = 'pulsar://localhost:6650'
@@ -87,6 +93,31 @@ class Example(Record):
             ]
         })
 
+    def test_type_promotion(self):
+        test_cases = [
+            (20, int, 20),  # No promotion necessary: int => int
+            (20, float, 20.0),  # Promotion: int => float
+            (20.0, float, 20.0),  # No Promotion necessary: float => float
+            ("Test text1", bytes, b"Test text1"),  # Promotion: str => bytes
+            (b"Test text1", str, "Test text1"),  # Promotion: bytes => str
+        ]
+
+        for value_from, type_to, value_to in test_cases:
+            if type_to == int:
+                fieldType = Integer()
+            elif type_to == float:
+                fieldType = Double()
+            elif type_to == str:
+                fieldType = String()
+            elif type_to == bytes:
+                fieldType = Bytes()
+            else:
+                fieldType = String()
+
+            field_value = fieldType.validate_type("test_field", value_from)
+            self.assertEqual(value_to, field_value)
+
+
     def test_complex(self):
         class Color(Enum):
             red = 1
@@ -229,7 +260,7 @@ class E3(Record):
             a = Float()
 
         E3(a=1.0)  # Ok
-        self._expectTypeError(lambda:  E3(a=1))
+        E3(a=1) # Ok Type promotion: int -> float
 
         class E4(Record):
             a = Null()
@@ -259,7 +290,7 @@ class E7(Record):
             a = Double()
 
         E7(a=1.0)  # Ok
-        self._expectTypeError(lambda:  E3(a=1))
+        E7(a=1)  # Ok Type promotion: int -> double
 
         class Color(Enum):
             red = 1
@@ -1346,5 +1377,37 @@ def verify_messages(msgs: List[pulsar.Message]):
 
         client.close()
 
+    def test_schema_type_promotion(self):
+        client = pulsar.Client(self.serviceUrl)
+
+        schemas = [("avro", AvroSchema(ExampleRecord)), ("json", JsonSchema(ExampleRecord))]
+
+        for schema_name, schema in schemas:
+            topic = f'test_schema_type_promotion_{schema_name}'
+
+            consumer = client.subscribe(
+                topic=topic,
+                subscription_name=f'my-sub-{schema_name}',
+                schema=schema
+            )
+            producer = client.create_producer(
+                topic=topic,
+                schema=schema
+            )
+            sendValue = ExampleRecord(str_field=b'test', int_field=1, float_field=3, bytes_field='str')
+
+            producer.send(sendValue)
+
+            msg = consumer.receive()
+            msg_value = msg.value()
+            self.assertEqual(msg_value.str_field, sendValue.str_field)
+            self.assertEqual(msg_value.int_field, sendValue.int_field)
+            self.assertEqual(msg_value.float_field, sendValue.float_field)
+            self.assertEqual(msg_value.bytes_field, sendValue.bytes_field)
+            consumer.acknowledge(msg)
+
+        client.close()
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     main()