[fix](scan) catch exceptions thrown in scanner (#36101) (#37408)

## Proposed changes

pick #36101

The uncaught exceptions thrown in the scanner will cause the BE to
crash.

be/src/vec/exec/scan/scanner_scheduler.cpp

@@ -136,8 +136,17 @@ void ScannerScheduler::submit(std::shared_ptr<ScannerContext> ctx,
         }
 
         scanner_delegate->_scanner->start_wait_worker_timer();
-        auto s = ctx->thread_token->submit_func(
-                [this, scanner_ref = scan_task, ctx]() { this->_scanner_scan(ctx, scanner_ref); });
+        auto s = ctx->thread_token->submit_func([scanner_ref = scan_task, ctx]() {
+            auto status = [&] {
+                RETURN_IF_CATCH_EXCEPTION(_scanner_scan(ctx, scanner_ref));
+                return Status::OK();
+            }();
+
+            if (!status.ok()) {
+                scanner_ref->set_status(status);
+                ctx->append_block_to_queue(scanner_ref);
+            }
+        });
         if (!s.ok()) {
             scan_task->set_status(s);
             ctx->append_block_to_queue(scan_task);
@@ -157,16 +166,32 @@ void ScannerScheduler::submit(std::shared_ptr<ScannerContext> ctx,
                     is_local ? ctx->get_simple_scan_scheduler() : ctx->get_remote_scan_scheduler();
             auto& thread_pool = is_local ? _local_scan_thread_pool : _remote_scan_thread_pool;
             if (scan_sched) {
-                auto work_func = [this, scanner_ref = scan_task, ctx]() {
-                    this->_scanner_scan(ctx, scanner_ref);
+                auto work_func = [scanner_ref = scan_task, ctx]() {
+                    auto status = [&] {
+                        RETURN_IF_CATCH_EXCEPTION(_scanner_scan(ctx, scanner_ref));
+                        return Status::OK();
+                    }();
+
+                    if (!status.ok()) {
+                        scanner_ref->set_status(status);
+                        ctx->append_block_to_queue(scanner_ref);
+                    }
                 };
                 SimplifiedScanTask simple_scan_task = {work_func, ctx};
                 return scan_sched->submit_scan_task(simple_scan_task);
             }
 
             PriorityThreadPool::Task task;
-            task.work_function = [this, scanner_ref = scan_task, ctx]() {
-                this->_scanner_scan(ctx, scanner_ref);
+            task.work_function = [scanner_ref = scan_task, ctx]() {
+                auto status = [&] {
+                    RETURN_IF_CATCH_EXCEPTION(_scanner_scan(ctx, scanner_ref));
+                    return Status::OK();
+                }();
+
+                if (!status.ok()) {
+                    scanner_ref->set_status(status);
+                    ctx->append_block_to_queue(scanner_ref);
+                }
             };
             task.priority = nice;
             return thread_pool->offer(task)