feat: basic support for executing prepared statements #34644

Job	Run time
build with wasm-pack	2m 47s
cargo check	7m 30s
cargo test (macos)	13m 20s
cargo test (macos-aarch64)	13m 0s
Verify Vendored Code	51s
cargo test (win64)	1h 5m 7s
Check cargo fmt	46s
Verify MSRV (Min Supported Rust Version)	9m 22s
cargo test (amd64)	11m 41s
cargo examples (amd64)	14m 0s
clippy	6m 11s
cargo doc	4m 40s
cargo test datafusion-cli (amd64)	4m 3s
cargo test doc (amd64)	16m 56s
Run sqllogictest with Postgres runner	3m 56s
cargo test pyarrow (amd64)	3m 6s
verify benchmark results (amd64)	12m 57s
check Cargo.toml formatting	2m 54s
cargo test hash collisions (amd64)	17m 15s
check configs.md and ***_functions.md is up-to-date	3m 19s
	3h 33m 41s

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