MINOR: [Go] update go dependencies

[zeroshade]

Rationale for this change

Updating Go dependencies, several of which address vulnerabilities identified by https://deps.dev/go/github.com%2Fapache%2Farrow%2Fgo%2Fv15/v15.0.1

[kou]

Can we automate this by enabling Dependabot for Go?
It seems that we can use package-ecosystem: gomod for Go: https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file#package-ecosystem

[kou]

#40522

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 5 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 1dd0d45.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 5 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.