GH-38772: [C++] Implement directory semantics even when the storage a…

…ccount doesn't support HNS (#39361)

### Rationale for this change

The `FileSystem` implementation based on Azure Blob Storage should implement directory operations according to filesystem semantics. When Hierarchical Namespace (HNS) is enabled, we can rely on Azure Data Lake Storage Gen 2 APIs implementing the filesystem semantics for us, but when all we have is the Blobs API, we should emulate it.

### What changes are included in this PR?

 - Skip fewer tests
 - Re-implement `GetFileInfo` using `ListBlobsByHierarchy` instead of `ListBlobs`
 - Re-implement `CreateDir` with an upfront HNS support check instead of falling back to Blobs API after an error
 - Add comprehensive tests to `CreateDir`
 - Add `HasSubmitBatchBug` to check if a test inside any scenario is affected by a certain Azurite issue
 - Implement `DeleteDir` to work properly on flat namespace storage accounts (non-HNS accounts)
 - 

### Are these changes tested?

Yes. By existing and new tests added by this PR itself.
* Closes: #38772

Authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <[email protected]>