Relax error conditions for catalogers

[wagoodman]

This PR adjusts the binary cataloger to compartmentalize errors to individual classifiers and continue to the next classifier when an error occurs.

This prevents errors from being fatal, such as:

[0001] TRACE cataloging complete cataloger=portage-cataloger
[0001] TRACE cataloging started cataloger=sbom-cataloger
[0001] DEBUG discovered 0 packages cataloger=sbom-cataloger
[0001] TRACE cataloging complete cataloger=sbom-cataloger
[0001] TRACE cataloging started cataloger=binary-cataloger
[0001]  WARN error while cataloging cataloger=binary-cataloger
No packages discovered
2023/01/19 13:12:27 error during command execution: 1 error occurred:
	* failed to resolve files by glob (**/python*): cycle during symlink resolution

[github-actions]

Benchmark Test Results

Benchmark results from the latest changes vs base branch

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/anchore/syft/test/integration
cpu: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8171M CPU @ 2.60GHz
                                                          │ ./.tmp/benchmark-3f965a0.txt │
                                                          │            sec/op            │
ImagePackageCatalogers/alpmdb-cataloger-2                                   14.43m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/ruby-gemspec-cataloger-2                             1.595m ± 14%
ImagePackageCatalogers/python-package-cataloger-2                           4.053m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/php-composer-installed-cataloger-2                   1.325m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/javascript-package-cataloger-2                       938.8µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dpkgdb-cataloger-2                                   1.068m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/rpm-db-cataloger-2                                   1.578m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/java-cataloger-2                                     17.16m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/graalvm-native-image-cataloger-2                     8.196µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/apkdb-cataloger-2                                    1.078m ±  0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/go-module-binary-cataloger-2                         17.21µ ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dotnet-deps-cataloger-2                              1.644m ±  3%
ImagePackageCatalogers/portage-cataloger-2                                  913.3µ ±  5%
ImagePackageCatalogers/sbom-cataloger-2                                     5.594m ±  1%
ImagePackageCatalogers/binary-cataloger-2                                   7.889m ±  1%
geomean                                                                     1.265m

                                                          │ ./.tmp/benchmark-3f965a0.txt │
                                                          │             B/op             │
ImagePackageCatalogers/alpmdb-cataloger-2                                   5.041Mi ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/ruby-gemspec-cataloger-2                             204.5Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/python-package-cataloger-2                           953.6Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/php-composer-installed-cataloger-2                   217.2Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/javascript-package-cataloger-2                       158.7Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dpkgdb-cataloger-2                                   199.9Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/rpm-db-cataloger-2                                   300.4Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/java-cataloger-2                                     3.362Mi ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/graalvm-native-image-cataloger-2                     1.375Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/apkdb-cataloger-2                                    181.4Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/go-module-binary-cataloger-2                         1.809Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dotnet-deps-cataloger-2                              375.8Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/portage-cataloger-2                                  138.1Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/sbom-cataloger-2                                     724.7Ki ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/binary-cataloger-2                                   1.028Mi ± 0%
geomean                                                                     219.0Ki

                                                          │ ./.tmp/benchmark-3f965a0.txt │
                                                          │          allocs/op           │
ImagePackageCatalogers/alpmdb-cataloger-2                                    85.84k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/ruby-gemspec-cataloger-2                              4.350k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/python-package-cataloger-2                            16.82k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/php-composer-installed-cataloger-2                    5.607k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/javascript-package-cataloger-2                        3.431k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dpkgdb-cataloger-2                                    4.578k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/rpm-db-cataloger-2                                    8.314k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/java-cataloger-2                                      58.33k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/graalvm-native-image-cataloger-2                       32.00 ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/apkdb-cataloger-2                                     5.332k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/go-module-binary-cataloger-2                           55.00 ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/dotnet-deps-cataloger-2                               7.227k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/portage-cataloger-2                                   3.682k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/sbom-cataloger-2                                      25.31k ± 0%
ImagePackageCatalogers/binary-cataloger-2                                    36.81k ± 0%
geomean                                                                      5.244k