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refactor: rename all to Lidar
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steveoh committed Mar 13, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -15,28 +15,28 @@ tags:
- usgs
- water
date: 2013-09-13 10:22:50 -0600
title: 2013 Wasatch Front LiDAR Collection
title: 2013 Wasatch Front Lidar Collection
published: false
category: SGID Updates
cover_image: '/src/images/pillar-blog/default-social-card.png'
cover_image_alt: ugrc social card
---

UGRC is in the process of finalizing a contract with [Watershed Sciences Inc. (WSI)](https://quantumspatial.com/ 'WSI') to acquire 1,352 square miles of USGS Quality Level 1 LiDAR elevation data in the Fall of 2013. WSI won a competitive bid process this summer, that attracted 7 vendor submissions, for a project area that includes: the urbanized areas of the Salt Lake and Utah Valleys and areas along the Wasatch Fault from Sanpete County north into Onieda County in southeastern Idaho.
UGRC is in the process of finalizing a contract with [Watershed Sciences Inc. (WSI)](https://quantumspatial.com/ 'WSI') to acquire 1,352 square miles of USGS Quality Level 1 Lidar elevation data in the Fall of 2013. WSI won a competitive bid process this summer, that attracted 7 vendor submissions, for a project area that includes: the urbanized areas of the Salt Lake and Utah Valleys and areas along the Wasatch Fault from Sanpete County north into Onieda County in southeastern Idaho.

LiDAR stands for Light Detecting and Ranging. LiDAR data is collected using an airplane-mounted laser and a sensor that records the laser pulse reflections from surfaces on/near the ground. The timing of the pulse returns provides a surrogate for measuring distance. When the distance measurements are combined with the precise instantaneous position of the aircraft from its onboard GPS, the elevation and position of surface of the earth, structures, and vegetation can be measured with high precision.
Lidar stands for Light Detecting and Ranging. Lidar data is collected using an airplane-mounted laser and a sensor that records the laser pulse reflections from surfaces on/near the ground. The timing of the pulse returns provides a surrogate for measuring distance. When the distance measurements are combined with the precise instantaneous position of the aircraft from its onboard GPS, the elevation and position of surface of the earth, structures, and vegetation can be measured with high precision.

Quality Level 1 is currently the 'Cadillac' data specification for LiDAR as it provides the highest level of horizontal and vertical exactness, as well as multiple measures from the same square meter, enabling among other things, structures and ground surfaces to be measured through tree canopies.
Quality Level 1 is currently the 'Cadillac' data specification for Lidar as it provides the highest level of horizontal and vertical exactness, as well as multiple measures from the same square meter, enabling among other things, structures and ground surfaces to be measured through tree canopies.

The primary intended uses for the new LiDAR data include but are not limited to:
The primary intended uses for the new Lidar data include but are not limited to:

- Planning, preparing & mitigating flooding hazards through [FEMA's Risk Map](https://www.fema.gov/risk-mapping-assessment-and-planning-risk-map) modernization program
- Detailed detection of earthquake faults and related hazard modeling and vulnerability studies
- Delineation of building and structure footprints for general purpose mapping

Many other non-traditional uses of LiDAR data are possible such as detecting landslides and slumping, optimizing irrigation, and [quantifying solar energy systems potential](https://www.slideshare.net/bgranberg/salt-lake-solar-ignite) on rooftops and other surfaces.
Many other non-traditional uses of Lidar data are possible such as detecting landslides and slumping, optimizing irrigation, and [quantifying solar energy systems potential](https://www.slideshare.net/bgranberg/salt-lake-solar-ignite) on rooftops and other surfaces.

The 2013 LiDAR acquisition is funded through a partnership of the [US Geological Survey](https://earthquake.usgs.gov/), [Utah Geological Survey](https://geology.utah.gov/), [Utah Division of Emergency Management](https://dem.utah.gov/), FEMA, and a consortium of local government led by the [Salt Lake County Surveyor's Office](https://slco.org/surveyor/). Flights are expected to begin mid Fall, weather conditions permitting, and data delivery is anticipated several months after the flights are completed.
The 2013 Lidar acquisition is funded through a partnership of the [US Geological Survey](https://earthquake.usgs.gov/), [Utah Geological Survey](https://geology.utah.gov/), [Utah Division of Emergency Management](https://dem.utah.gov/), FEMA, and a consortium of local government led by the [Salt Lake County Surveyor's Office](https://slco.org/surveyor/). Flights are expected to begin mid Fall, weather conditions permitting, and data delivery is anticipated several months after the flights are completed.

Project deliverables include:

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Expand Up @@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ tags:
- terrain
- wasatch fault
date: 2014-01-21 13:29:59 -0700
title: LiDAR 2013-2014 Wasatch Front Acquisition Update
title: Lidar 2013-2014 Wasatch Front Acquisition Update
published: false
category: SGID Updates
cover_image: '/src/images/pillar-blog/default-social-card.png'
cover_image_alt: ugrc social card
---

<p><a href="/images/404.png"><img src="/images/404.png" alt="" title="Status Graphic v1" width="231" height="300" class="inline-text-left" /></a>Last fall, UGRC contracted with <a href="http://www.watershedsciences.com/">Watershed Sciences Inc. (WSI)</a> to acquire 1,352 square miles of USGS Quality Level 1 LiDAR elevation data. The project area includes the urbanized area of Salt Lake and Utah Valleys and areas along the Wasatch Fault from Sanpete County north into Onieda County in southeastern Idaho.</p>
<p>As of January 2014, WSI has collected LiDAR data for 77% (1,039 of the 1,352 square miles) of the project area. While WSI was actively collecting data, the plane was grounded 45% of the time due to adverse conditions including snow, wind, fog, and inversion. The arrival of winter snow stopped the data acquisition for the year, and WSI will return to collect LiDAR data for the remaining 23% of the project area in Spring 2014. Click on the map to view the areas that have been collected and what areas remain to be collected once the snow melts.</p>
<p><a href="/images/404.png"><img src="/images/404.png" alt="" title="Status Graphic v1" width="231" height="300" class="inline-text-left" /></a>Last fall, UGRC contracted with <a href="http://www.watershedsciences.com/">Watershed Sciences Inc. (WSI)</a> to acquire 1,352 square miles of USGS Quality Level 1 Lidar elevation data. The project area includes the urbanized area of Salt Lake and Utah Valleys and areas along the Wasatch Fault from Sanpete County north into Onieda County in southeastern Idaho.</p>
<p>As of January 2014, WSI has collected Lidar data for 77% (1,039 of the 1,352 square miles) of the project area. While WSI was actively collecting data, the plane was grounded 45% of the time due to adverse conditions including snow, wind, fog, and inversion. The arrival of winter snow stopped the data acquisition for the year, and WSI will return to collect Lidar data for the remaining 23% of the project area in Spring 2014. Click on the map to view the areas that have been collected and what areas remain to be collected once the snow melts.</p>
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Expand Up @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ tags:
- usgs
published: false
date: 2014-09-17 09:28:37 -0600
title: 2013-2014 Wasatch Front LiDAR Now Available
title: 2013-2014 Wasatch Front Lidar Now Available
category: SGID Updates
cover_image: '/src/images/pillar-blog/default-social-card.png'
cover_image_alt: ugrc social card
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Expand Up @@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ import Contacts from '@components/page/Contacts.astro';
that the partnering organizations have begun discussions around required matching funds.
</p>
<p>
The proposal focuses on obtaining LiDAR data, at USGS quality level 1 specification, (8 returns per square meter and
The proposal focuses on obtaining Lidar data, at USGS quality level 1 specification, (8 returns per square meter and
related elevation and surface model products) for three geographic areas. These include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
the shoreline of the Great Salt Lake and including the seismically active Hansel Valley to the north, which will
extend to the northwest, the just completed 2013-14 QL1 LiDAR acquisition that covered much of the metro areas of
extend to the northwest, the just completed 2013-14 QL1 Lidar acquisition that covered much of the metro areas of
the Wasatch Front.,{' '}
</li>
<li>the valley floor and fault zones in Cache County, and</li>
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Expand Up @@ -9,21 +9,21 @@ tags:
- lidar
- viewshed
date: 2014-11-17 12:15:04 -0700
title: Wireless Signals and LiDAR Derived Elevation Models
title: Wireless Signals and Lidar Derived Elevation Models
category: SGID Updates
cover_image: /src/images/pillar-blog/2014-11-17-wireless-signals-and-lidar-derived-elevation-models/ensign_dtm_only.png
cover_image_alt: DTM Bare-Earth Digital Terrain Model
---

Specialized software allows the modeling of cellular, radio, or wireless internet signal propagation and coverage. Better, more accurate results for wireless signal propagation depend on the precision with which the earth’s surface is represented within the analysis software. Traditionally, "bare earth" Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), in which above ground features such as buildings and vegetation are not represented, are used for the analysis.

Airborne-collected LiDAR data has more sophisticated capabilities for representing the earth and its features, and is becoming more available. LiDAR sensors mounted on planes uses a scanning laser range finder to collect and model a truer 3D representation. So-called "first return" Digital Surface Models (DSMs) maintain both ground and above ground surface features including buildings and vegetation. For this reason, LiDAR DSMs can be utilized to help the analysis software more accurately model cellular, radio, or wireless coverage and signal propagation.
Airborne-collected Lidar data has more sophisticated capabilities for representing the earth and its features, and is becoming more available. Lidar sensors mounted on planes uses a scanning laser range finder to collect and model a truer 3D representation. So-called "first return" Digital Surface Models (DSMs) maintain both ground and above ground surface features including buildings and vegetation. For this reason, Lidar DSMs can be utilized to help the analysis software more accurately model cellular, radio, or wireless coverage and signal propagation.

A simple way to compare the different results from the traditional DTM and the LiDAR-sourced DSM is with a GIS "viewshed" tool. A Viewshed tool determines the surface locations visible from an observation point, in our case, a cellular, radio, or wireless internet tower. In the examples below, a communication tower is set at the top of Ensign Peak just a few blocks to the north, above of the Utah State Capitol building.
A simple way to compare the different results from the traditional DTM and the Lidar-sourced DSM is with a GIS "viewshed" tool. A Viewshed tool determines the surface locations visible from an observation point, in our case, a cellular, radio, or wireless internet tower. In the examples below, a communication tower is set at the top of Ensign Peak just a few blocks to the north, above of the Utah State Capitol building.

In the model result graphics below, the red areas show, _at 3 different scales_, the areas that have clear visibility from the tower site using the DTM and, it's LiDAR counterpart DSM. With all other factors held constant, the significant variation in the results is easy to see.
In the model result graphics below, the red areas show, _at 3 different scales_, the areas that have clear visibility from the tower site using the DTM and, it's Lidar counterpart DSM. With all other factors held constant, the significant variation in the results is easy to see.

The DTM and DSM elevation models from the 2013-2014 Wasatch Front LiDAR Elevation Data used to generate these models can be downloaded from [here](/products/sgid/elevation/lidar).
The DTM and DSM elevation models from the 2013-2014 Wasatch Front Lidar Elevation Data used to generate these models can be downloaded from [here](/products/sgid/elevation/lidar).

**Important Note**: In addition to a surface models that represents the physical world, wireless network planning and other radio signal propagation software utilize many parameters to model coverage such as signal frequency, transmitter angle, earth curvature, Fresnel Zone, etc. Simple GIS Viewshed analysis, as shown, does not completely model wireless signals and their varying ability to bend and reflect but it does illustrate the possible impact of using surface model inputs that represent the physical world with differing amounts of precision.

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Expand Up @@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ cover_image_alt: ugrc social card

<a href="/images/404.png"><img src="/images/404.png" alt="" title="Riverlidar" class="inline-text-left" loading="lazy" /></a>

If you happen to be enjoying the Colorado, Green or Yampa Rivers late this fall and see a small plane flying back and forth, be sure to wave. You might be captured in Utah’s latest lidar acquisition.
If you happen to be enjoying the Colorado, Green or Yampa Rivers late this fall and see a small plane flying back and forth, be sure to wave. You might be captured in Utah’s latest Lidar acquisition.

Through a partnership with the National Park Service, the DNR’s Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands has contracted with Aerial Surveys International (ASI) to collect, process and deliver lidar and orthophotography data products of the main channel and floodplains of these unique and scenic rivers. The project area comprises 680 linear river miles, covering 152 sq. miles of the Colorado, Green, and Yampa River corridors in southeast and eastern Utah and northwest Colorado. These river corridors flow through portions of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Dinosaur National Monument, and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Two additional areas are also being acquired; 1) a small area in Arches NP and 2) the San Rafael River area upstream of the confluence with the Green River.
Through a partnership with the National Park Service, the DNR’s Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands has contracted with Aerial Surveys International (ASI) to collect, process and deliver Lidar and orthophotography data products of the main channel and floodplains of these unique and scenic rivers. The project area comprises 680 linear river miles, covering 152 sq. miles of the Colorado, Green, and Yampa River corridors in southeast and eastern Utah and northwest Colorado. These river corridors flow through portions of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Dinosaur National Monument, and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Two additional areas are also being acquired; 1) a small area in Arches NP and 2) the San Rafael River area upstream of the confluence with the Green River.

U.S. Geological Survey Quality Level 1 lidar data will be collected for the entire project area while 6-inch resolution color orthophotography will be collected for the project area within the boundaries of Canyonlands National Park. To date, ASI has completed the orthophotography collection and the lidar collection is ongoing. Delivery of the final data products is expected in early Spring 2016 after data processing and QA/QC has been completed.
U.S. Geological Survey Quality Level 1 Lidar data will be collected for the entire project area while 6-inch resolution color orthophotography will be collected for the project area within the boundaries of Canyonlands National Park. To date, ASI has completed the orthophotography collection and the Lidar collection is ongoing. Delivery of the final data products is expected in early Spring 2016 after data processing and QA/QC has been completed.

Opportunities created by this new data include:

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Expand Up @@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ cover_image_alt: ugrc social card

[![3D Elevation Program](/images/404.png 'click to enlarge')](/images/404.png)

In October 2015, UGRC, in partnership with local, state, and federal partners submitted a proposal to the U.S. Geological Survey's 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) Grant program. The proposed project will acquire QL1 and QL2 specification lidar and elevation data in Northern Utah and other areas of interest. UGRC received notice that the proposal has been recommended for funding and the partnership is preparing for a Fall 2016 acquisition. The proposed areas in the graphic are subject to change.
In October 2015, UGRC, in partnership with local, state, and federal partners submitted a proposal to the U.S. Geological Survey's 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) Grant program. The proposed project will acquire QL1 and QL2 specification Lidar and elevation data in Northern Utah and other areas of interest. UGRC received notice that the proposal has been recommended for funding and the partnership is preparing for a Fall 2016 acquisition. The proposed areas in the graphic are subject to change.
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/content/blog/2016-08-29-2016-utah-lidar-acquisition.mdx
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Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ author:
email: [email protected]
tags: []
date: 2016-08-29T18:17:41.000Z
title: 2016 Utah LiDAR Acquisition Updated
title: 2016 Utah Lidar Acquisition Updated
published: false
category: SGID Updates
cover_image: '/src/images/pillar-blog/default-social-card.png'
Expand All @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cover_image_alt: ugrc social card

import Contacts from '@components/page/Contacts.astro';

UGRC has awarded [Quantum Spatial Inc. (QSI)](https://quantumspatial.com/) and [Digital Mapping Inc. (DMI)](https://web.archive.org/web/20161001160031/http://admap.com/) to acquire [**3,182 square miles**](https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=817e60a9c3374c95aab76c43876b8673&extent=-117.1875,36.3217,-104.5752,43.2351 'view project areas in ArcGIS Online') of LiDAR Elevation data. The LiDAR will be a combination of USGS Quality Level 1 (QL1), 8 ppsm and Quality Level 2 (QL2), 2 ppsm depending on the area. The acquisitions will be during leaf-off conditions with the exception of Monroe Mountain project that will be collected leaf-on. The Monroe Mountain acquisition has already started. The rest of the areas will be collected starting mid-October with the exception of the non-vegetated areas of the Great Salt Lake that will start in the coming weeks. The acquisitions and project deliverables are scheduled to be completed by May 31, 2017 (extended to Aug. 31, 2017).
UGRC has awarded [Quantum Spatial Inc. (QSI)](https://quantumspatial.com/) and [Digital Mapping Inc. (DMI)](https://web.archive.org/web/20161001160031/http://admap.com/) to acquire [**3,182 square miles**](https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=817e60a9c3374c95aab76c43876b8673&extent=-117.1875,36.3217,-104.5752,43.2351 'view project areas in ArcGIS Online') of Lidar Elevation data. The Lidar will be a combination of USGS Quality Level 1 (QL1), 8 ppsm and Quality Level 2 (QL2), 2 ppsm depending on the area. The acquisitions will be during leaf-off conditions with the exception of Monroe Mountain project that will be collected leaf-on. The Monroe Mountain acquisition has already started. The rest of the areas will be collected starting mid-October with the exception of the non-vegetated areas of the Great Salt Lake that will start in the coming weeks. The acquisitions and project deliverables are scheduled to be completed by May 31, 2017 (extended to Aug. 31, 2017).

[![Project area map](/images/404.png 'view project area map')](/images/404.png)
The project areas include:
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