An example plugin for Octopress. This add the tag 's3_image_tag' which allows you reference images hosted on Amazon S3 within your posts. A bit of a contrived example, but it demonstrates the process of creating custom Liquid tags.
To use it, just host some public images on s3 and use the tag with the syntax
{% s3_image filename [bucket:bucket_name] [folder:folder_name] %}.
If you don't specify a bucket name and folder name, it will look for a default defined in _config.yml as 'aws_bucket' and 'aws_bucket_folder' respectively.
# Amazon S3 Images
aws_bucket: my.bucket
aws_bucket_folder: blog
Here is an image: {% s3_image ash2.jpg bucket:my.bucket folder:friends/avatars/000/000/003/original %}
Here is an image: {% s3_image myimage.jpg %} # with configuration used form _config.yml
This is likely more useful as a template for creating your own custom tags.