sql: enabling forward indexes and ORDERBY on JSONB columns

Currently, cockroachdb#97928 outlines the scheme for JSONB encoding
and decoding for forward indexes. However, the PR doesn't
enable this feature to our users. This current PR aims
to allow forward indexes on JSONB columns. The presence
of a lexicographical ordering, as described in cockroachdb#97928,
shall now allow primary and secondary indexes on JSONB
columns along with the ability to use ORDER BY filter
in their queries.

Additionally, JSON values consist of decimal numbers
and containers, such as Arrays and Objects, which can
contain these decimal numbers. In order to preserve
the values after the decimal, JSONB columns are now
required to be composite in nature. This shall enable
such values to be stored in both the key and the value
side of a K/V pair in hopes of receiving the exact value.

Release note (sql change): This PR adds support for enabling
forward indexes and ordering on JSON values.

Epic: CRDB-24501

.gitignore

@@ -56,5 +56,7 @@ build/Railroad.jar
 pkg/roachprod/vm/aws/embedded.go
 pkg/security/securitytest/embedded.go
 
+pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/__test
+.idea/
 # Temporary directories during gomock generate
 **/gomock_reflect_*

pkg/sql/catalog/systemschema/system.go

@@ -2674,6 +2674,7 @@ var (
 				Version:             descpb.StrictIndexColumnIDGuaranteesVersion,
 				Type:                descpb.IndexDescriptor_INVERTED,
 				InvertedColumnKinds: []catpb.InvertedIndexColumnKind{catpb.InvertedIndexColumnKind_DEFAULT},
+				CompositeColumnIDs:  []descpb.ColumnID{13},
 			},
 			descpb.IndexDescriptor{
 				Name:   "execution_count_idx",

pkg/sql/catalog/tabledesc/index_test.go

@@ -252,15 +252,23 @@ func TestIndexInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	errMsgFmt := "Unexpected %s result for index '%s'."
 
 	// Check index methods on features not tested here.
-	for _, idx := range indexes {
+	for pos, idx := range indexes {
 		require.False(t, idx.IsDisabled(),
 			errMsgFmt, "IsDisabled", idx.GetName())
 		require.False(t, idx.IsCreatedExplicitly(),
 			errMsgFmt, "IsCreatedExplicitly", idx.GetName())
 		require.False(t, idx.HasOldStoredColumns(),
 			errMsgFmt, "HasOldStoredColumns", idx.GetName())
-		require.Equalf(t, 0, idx.NumCompositeColumns(),
-			errMsgFmt, "NumCompositeColumns", idx.GetName())
+		if pos != 2 {
+			require.Equalf(t, 0, idx.NumCompositeColumns(),
+				errMsgFmt, "NumCompositeColumns", idx.GetName())
+		} else {
+			// The secondary index "s2" is an inverted index on the JSONB
+			// column, and we thus expect one composite column for this
+			// index and 0 for all the others.
+			require.Equalf(t, 1, idx.NumCompositeColumns(),
+				errMsgFmt, "NumCompositeColumns", idx.GetName())
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Check particular index features.

pkg/sql/colencoding/BUILD.bazel

@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ go_library(
         "//pkg/sql/rowenc/keyside",
         "//pkg/sql/rowenc/valueside",
         "//pkg/sql/sem/tree",
+        "//pkg/sql/sessiondatapb",
         "//pkg/sql/types",
         "//pkg/util/buildutil",
         "//pkg/util/duration",
         "//pkg/util/encoding",
         "//pkg/util/intsets",
+        "//pkg/util/json",
         "//pkg/util/uuid",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_apd_v3//:apd",
         "@com_github_cockroachdb_errors//:errors",

pkg/sql/logictest/testdata/logic_test/array

@@ -1428,6 +1428,7 @@ SELECT x FROM t WHERE x < ARRAY[1, 4, 3] ORDER BY x
 {1}
 {1,NULL,10}
 
+
 query T
 SELECT x FROM t WHERE x > ARRAY [1, NULL] ORDER BY x DESC
 ----