Writeups for the Forensics Challenge
Mission
A memory dump of a Windows machine is provided in the home directory of the root user. You have to use Volatility to analyze the memory dump and answer the following questions:
- What is the process number of the notepad process?
- A SIP VoIP client software was running on the machine. What is the IP address of the server that the client was hardcoded to use?
- The user working on the Windows machine was trying to do some shopping on amazon.com. Recover the email address and password of the user. (Flag is the password)
Guidelines
- Volatility can be invoked by using vol.py command
- Volatility is installed at /usr/local/volatility
This was pretty straight forward. A simple Google search gave this article. I first gathered information based on the memory dump. Here we are interested in the suggested profiles, which helps us conduct analysis based on specific plugins that Volatility already offers to help in the Forensic Investigation.
root@attackdefense:~# ls
memory_dump.mem
root@attackdefense:~# vol.py -f memory_dump.mem imageinfo
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6.1
INFO : volatility.debug : Determining profile based on KDBG search...
Suggested Profile(s) : Win10x64_10240_17770, Win10x64
AS Layer1 : SkipDuplicatesAMD64PagedMemory (Kernel AS)
AS Layer2 : FileAddressSpace (/root/memory_dump.mem)
PAE type : No PAE
DTB : 0x1aa000L
KDBG : 0xf80309398b20L
Number of Processors : 2
Image Type (Service Pack) : 0
KPCR for CPU 0 : 0xfffff803093f2000L
KPCR for CPU 1 : 0xffffd0019db48000L
KUSER_SHARED_DATA : 0xfffff78000000000L
Image date and time : 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
Image local date and time : 2019-06-27 04:27:08 +0530
Next, using the profile (Win10x64_10240_17770), we want to create a process dump of the programs loaded into memory.
root@attackdefense:~# vol.py -f memory_dump.mem --profile=Win10x64_10240_17770 pslist
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6.1
Offset(V) Name PID PPID Thds Hnds Sess Wow64 Start Exit
------------------ -------------------- ------ ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
0xffffe0019146b040 System 4 0 124 0 ------ 0 2019-06-26 17:49:28 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193471040 smss.exe 312 4 2 0 ------ 0 2019-06-26 17:49:28 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019375a080 csrss.exe 392 380 10 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:51 UTC+0000
0xffffe001914a7080 wininit.exe 456 380 1 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:52 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193796480 csrss.exe 472 448 11 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:49:52 UTC+0000
0xffffe001939e2080 winlogon.exe 532 448 5 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:49:53 UTC+0000
0xffffe001914d1840 services.exe 572 456 5 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:53 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193a0c840 lsass.exe 584 456 6 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:53 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193a28840 svchost.exe 664 572 20 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193a2d840 svchost.exe 716 572 10 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193b4f840 dwm.exe 824 532 9 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193b89840 svchost.exe 872 572 30 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193b9e840 svchost.exe 880 572 21 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193bd7840 svchost.exe 944 572 24 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193bdb840 svchost.exe 956 572 23 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193beb840 svchost.exe 980 572 18 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193bfa840 svchost.exe 988 572 66 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193c02080 WUDFHost.exe 764 880 8 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:57 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193cb0840 vmacthlp.exe 1040 572 1 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:57 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193d27840 dasHost.exe 1220 880 7 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:49:58 UTC+0000
0xffffe00192e3e840 spoolsv.exe 1616 572 12 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:00 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193ec9840 svchost.exe 1768 572 22 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:02 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193f29840 armsvc.exe 1980 572 2 0 0 1 2019-06-26 17:50:04 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193f85840 svchost.exe 2016 572 11 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:04 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194011840 openvpnserv.ex 1516 572 2 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:07 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019405a840 svchost.exe 1968 572 6 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:09 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019403b080 ProtonVPNServi 2032 572 8 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:09 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194132840 svchost.exe 2172 572 7 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:11 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019416c840 VGAuthService. 2216 572 2 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:11 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194186840 vmtoolsd.exe 2260 572 9 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:11 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194264080 MsMpEng.exe 2384 572 25 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:14 UTC+0000
0xffffe001943d1840 WmiPrvSE.exe 2512 664 11 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:16 UTC+0000
0xffffe00191668080 dllhost.exe 2828 572 10 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:20 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193773080 msdtc.exe 2940 572 9 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:22 UTC+0000
0xffffe001943b1840 NisSrv.exe 2504 572 12 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:31 UTC+0000
0xffffe001943da840 MpCmdRun.exe 2472 2384 0 -------- 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:31 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019477f840 SearchIndexer. 3656 572 18 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:41 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194811840 svchost.exe 3880 572 2 0 0 0 2019-06-26 17:50:49 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019379a080 sihost.exe 4024 988 11 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:50:51 UTC+0000
0xffffe001948e9840 taskhostw.exe 4052 988 9 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:50:51 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194956080 userinit.exe 3192 532 0 -------- 1 0 2019-06-26 17:50:52 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019495b840 explorer.exe 3556 3192 72 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:50:52 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194918080 RuntimeBroker. 3704 664 12 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:50:56 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194b1c080 ShellExperienc 4500 664 63 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:10 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194e71080 InstallAgent.e 4884 664 1 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:16 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194397840 TabTip.exe 3876 880 11 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:23 UTC+0000
0xffffe001914712c0 TabTip32.exe 3592 3876 1 0 1 1 2019-06-26 17:51:24 UTC+0000
0xffffe00195092840 vmtoolsd.exe 5532 3556 7 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:33 UTC+0000
0xffffe00195175840 WzPreloader.ex 5776 3556 5 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:42 UTC+0000
0xffffe00195159840 FAHWindow64.ex 5908 5888 2 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:47 UTC+0000
0xffffe001949cc080 openvpn-gui.ex 1064 3556 1 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:51:53 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194199080 svchost.exe 2060 572 1 0 1 0 2019-06-26 17:52:48 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194eb7080 OneDrive.exe 1260 708 13 0 1 1 2019-06-26 17:53:30 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194463840 jucheck.exe 3812 5228 0 -------- 1 0 2019-06-26 17:57:07 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194b82840 sppsvc.exe 5480 572 4 0 0 0 2019-06-26 18:04:48 UTC+0000
0xffffe00195614840 SppExtComObj.E 156 664 1 0 0 0 2019-06-26 21:29:33 UTC+0000
0xffffe001948d3840 microsip.exe 4284 3556 11 0 1 1 2019-06-26 21:55:39 UTC+0000
0xffffe0019570a380 notepad.exe 5376 3556 3 0 1 0 2019-06-26 21:58:42 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194606840 conhost.exe 364 4144 0 -------- 1 0 2019-06-26 21:59:50 UTC+0000
0xffffe00195115840 taskhostw.exe 5252 988 5 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:07:33 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193deb840 ngentask.exe 5928 5252 6 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:07:34 UTC+0000
0xffffe00191d4a080 conhost.exe 4836 5928 2 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:07:34 UTC+0000
0xffffe001940932c0 taskhostw.exe 412 988 4 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:09:25 UTC+0000
0xffffe00195199080 SearchProtocol 4448 3656 6 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:54:37 UTC+0000
0xffffe00191e0c840 firefox.exe 4756 4132 0 -------- ------ 0 2019-06-26 22:54:49 UTC+0000
0xffffe001951c0540 SearchFilterHo 5412 3656 1 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:54:50 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194de8840 SearchProtocol 1840 3656 4 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:54:59 UTC+0000
0xffffe00192545840 SearchUI.exe 3784 664 34 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:02 UTC+0000
0xffffe001959e4380 firefox.exe 3236 5136 60 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:42 UTC+0000 0xffffe00192959280 firefox.exe 3756 3236 9 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:42 UTC+0000 0xffffe00194196840 firefox.exe 3628 3236 23 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:50 UTC+0000 0xffffe001931b9840 firefox.exe 1164 3236 19 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:50 UTC+0000 0xffffe001937b3080 firefox.exe 4832 3236 23 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:50 UTC+0000 0xffffe0019593b080 firefox.exe 676 3236 0 -------- 1 0 2019-06-26 22:55:52 UTC+0000 0xffffe00195918080 firefox.exe 2288 3236 19 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:56:02 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194e90840 audiodg.exe 5392 944 6 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:57:02 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194b10080 TabTip.exe 3516 880 0 -------- 1 0 2019-06-26 22:57:04 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193ada080 RamCapture64.e 3920 3556 10 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:57:04 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194269080 conhost.exe 1196 3920 9 0 1 0 2019-06-26 22:57:04 UTC+0000
0xffffe001945c5080 ngen.exe 5772 5928 7 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:57:07 UTC+0000
0xffffe00193026080 mscorsvw.exe 976 5772 9 0 0 0 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xffffe00194eba080 24...0 0 0 -------- ------ 0
0xffffe00194eba078 393216 0 0 -------- ------ 0
Through observing the output, notepad.exe is found with the process id of 5376.
A Google Search shows that SIP VOIP uses microsip.exe. We will need the process id of the program to create another smaller memory dump containing metadata and the data of that particular process.
I used netscan to determine if there was an ip address tagged to the protocol, unfortunately an ip of *:* was displayed, so I probably had to dig deeper.
root@attackdefense:~# vol.py -f memory_dump.mem --profile=Win10x64_10240_17770 netscan
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6.1
Offset(P) Proto Local Address Foreign Address State Pid Owner Created
0xe00191697ec0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:58128 *:* 4284 microsip.exe 2019-06-26 21:55:44 UTC+0000
0xe001918b4180 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50652 34.194.72.9:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:37 UTC+0000
0xe001919e0990 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50602 127.0.0.1:50601 ESTABLISHED 1164 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:52 UTC+0000
0xe00191c1ed10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50424 216.58.203.131:443 CLOSED 2477589352 2019-06-26 21:57:28 UTC+0000
0xe00191e3aa70 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:55702 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:01:51 UTC+0000
0xe00191e3aa70 UDPv6 :::55702 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:01:51 UTC+0000
0xe00192361010 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50352 117.18.237.29:80 CLOSED 2477589352 2019-06-26 21:56:39 UTC+0000
0xe001929bed10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50667 13.35.128.128:443 CLOSED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:55 UTC+0000
0xe00192df3010 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe00192df3010 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe00192e469a0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:58:05 UTC+0000
0xe00192eb0800 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50603 127.0.0.1:50604 ESTABLISHED 3628 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:52 UTC+0000
0xe00192ef8800 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50601 127.0.0.1:50602 ESTABLISHED 1164 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:52 UTC+0000
0xe00192f34a50 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:3702 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:48 UTC+0000
0xe00192f34a50 UDPv6 :::3702 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:48 UTC+0000
0xe00192f37560 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50351 117.18.237.29:80 CLOSED 2477589352 2019-06-26 21:56:39 UTC+0000
0xe0019318a700 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe001931e2840 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50600 127.0.0.1:50599 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:42 UTC+0000
0xe001934d17a0 UDPv4 192.168.113.144:1900 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00193502880 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:55646 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193502880 UDPv6 :::55646 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:55 UTC+0000
0xe001935702d0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49411 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1616 spoolsv.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:02 UTC+0000
0xe001935702d0 TCPv6 :::49411 :::0 LISTENING 1616 spoolsv.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:02 UTC+0000
0xe001935b37d0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:53151 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:52 UTC+0000
0xe001935b37d0 UDPv6 :::53151 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:52 UTC+0000
0xe00193688320 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50554 40.90.189.152:443 ESTABLISHED 3556 explorer.exe 2019-06-26 22:52:56 UTC+0000
0xe00193689490 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50637 127.0.0.1:50636 ESTABLISHED 2288 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:11 UTC+0000
0xe001939934e0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50656 52.89.38.17:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe001939ff260 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe001939ff260 UDPv6 :::5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe00193a043e0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49412 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 584 lsass.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193a86ec0 UDPv6 fe80::8d7d:7bb2:4ef5:7dc6:49361 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00193a739a0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49411 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1616 spoolsv.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:02 UTC+0000
0xe00193b257f0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 716 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193b28c00 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49408 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 456 wininit.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193b28c00 TCPv6 :::49408 :::0 LISTENING 456 wininit.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193b2e900 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 716 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193b2e900 TCPv6 :::135 :::0 LISTENING 716 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193b3d580 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49408 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 456 wininit.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:55 UTC+0000
0xe00193ce1d50 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49409 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 944 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:58 UTC+0000
0xe00193ce1d50 TCPv6 :::49409 :::0 LISTENING 944 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:58 UTC+0000
0xe00193d29010 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49410 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:59 UTC+0000
0xe00193d2c710 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49410 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:59 UTC+0000
0xe00193d2c710 TCPv6 :::49410 :::0 LISTENING 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:59 UTC+0000
0xe00193dafec0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5353 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe00193df8510 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:61227 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00193df8510 UDPv6 :::61227 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00193ec92c0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:52597 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00193ec92c0 UDPv6 :::52597 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00193f2e3a0 UDPv6 fe80::8d7d:7bb2:4ef5:7dc6:546 *:* 944 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:09 UTC+0000
0xe00193ea33c0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50657 52.89.38.17:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe00193f743e0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:4500 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193f743e0 UDPv6 :::4500 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193f83cf0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:500 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193fa5b80 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:4500 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193fa7a40 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:500 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193fa7a40 UDPv6 :::500 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193fa8cf0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193fd08c0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49412 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 584 lsass.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00193fd08c0 TCPv6 :::49412 :::0 LISTENING 584 lsass.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:05 UTC+0000
0xe00194008d70 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:07 UTC+0000
0xe00194008d70 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:07 UTC+0000
0xe0019406da60 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:42 UTC+0000
0xe001940ae1b0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50653 13.35.130.40:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:40 UTC+0000
0xe001940bb9e0 TCPv4 -:50669 -:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe001940e94e0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 System 2019-06-26 17:50:09 UTC+0000
0xe001940e94e0 TCPv6 :::445 :::0 LISTENING 4 System 2019-06-26 17:50:09 UTC+0000
0xe00194228370 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50655 52.89.38.17:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe001942521d0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49409 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 944 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:49:58 UTC+0000
0xe00194451d50 UDPv4 192.168.113.144:138 *:* 4 System 2019-06-26 21:29:39 UTC+0000
0xe001945d5970 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:3702 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:48 UTC+0000
0xe00194717c50 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:7680 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:39 UTC+0000
0xe00194717c50 TCPv6 :::7680 :::0 LISTENING 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:39 UTC+0000
0xe0019478c590 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:60782 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:50:28 UTC+0000
0xe0019478c590 UDPv6 :::60782 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:50:28 UTC+0000
0xe00194727440 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49426 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 572 services.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:39 UTC+0000
0xe00194727440 TCPv6 :::49426 :::0 LISTENING 572 services.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:39 UTC+0000
0xe00194727700 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:49426 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 572 services.exe 2019-06-26 17:50:39 UTC+0000
0xe00194728b00 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50666 13.35.134.162:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:55 UTC+0000
0xe0019486e400 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:20 UTC+0000
0xe0019486e400 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:20 UTC+0000
0xe001948eb940 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:3702 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe001948eb940 UDPv6 :::3702 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe00194936720 UDPv4 192.168.113.144:51377 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe001949be380 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50604 127.0.0.1:50603 ESTABLISHED 3628 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:52 UTC+0000
0xe00194ba0ec0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:20 UTC+0000
0xe00194bd0d50 UDPv4 192.168.113.144:137 *:* 4 System 2019-06-26 21:29:39 UTC+0000
0xe00194bf02b0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50665 13.35.128.128:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:55 UTC+0000
0xe00194dfa510 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50654 13.35.130.42:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:40 UTC+0000
0xe00194f258b0 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50609 127.0.0.1:50608 ESTABLISHED 4832 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:54 UTC+0000
0xe00195044390 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:47 UTC+0000
0xe00195044390 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:47 UTC+0000
0xe001950479d0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:58:06 UTC+0000
0xe001950479d0 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:58:06 UTC+0000
0xe001950562c0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe001950562c0 UDPv6 :::5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe00195131010 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:48 UTC+0000
0xe00195131010 UDPv6 :::5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:48 UTC+0000
0xe0019513bd10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50610 34.209.158.104:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:54 UTC+0000
0xe00195222d50 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:51215 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:20 UTC+0000
0xe00195222d50 UDPv6 :::51215 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:20 UTC+0000
0xe00195242940 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:47 UTC+0000
0xe001952a9010 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:60781 *:* 1220 dasHost.exe 2019-06-26 22:50:28 UTC+0000
0xe00195390ec0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:61366 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195390ec0 UDPv6 :::61366 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe001954bd880 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:59389 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe001954bd880 UDPv6 :::59389 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe001956bbbe0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:50335 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4284 microsip.exe 2019-06-26 21:55:44 UTC+0000
0xe0019572b010 UDPv4 127.0.0.1:49364 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00195763ec0 UDPv4 192.168.113.144:49363 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe001957914d0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:54931 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:56:41 UTC+0000
0xe001957914d0 UDPv6 :::54931 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:56:41 UTC+0000
0xe0019579b9c0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5353 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:47 UTC+0000
0xe0019579b9c0 UDPv6 :::5353 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:47 UTC+0000
0xe001957e5350 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5353 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:32 UTC+0000
0xe001957e5350 UDPv6 :::5353 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:32 UTC+0000
0xe00195880d10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50659 52.89.38.17:443 CLOSED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe0019588eec0 UDPv4 127.0.0.1:1900 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe001958a0010 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe001958a0010 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe001958cf810 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:58:06 UTC+0000
0xe00195916ba0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50664 23.195.74.27:80 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:52 UTC+0000
0xe0019593da20 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:08 UTC+0000
0xe00195963a50 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50661 117.18.237.29:80 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe001959f1d10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50439 54.65.120.202:443 CLOSED 2477589352 2019-06-26 21:57:39 UTC+0000
0xe00195acab90 UDPv6 fe80::8d7d:7bb2:4ef5:7dc6:1900 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00195afaa70 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50599 127.0.0.1:50600 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:42 UTC+0000
0xe00195affba0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50662 117.18.237.29:80 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe00195b531c0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195b531c0 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195b56500 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50663 117.18.237.29:80 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:49 UTC+0000
0xe00195b65ec0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195b65ec0 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195baf8c0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:51893 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:58:05 UTC+0000
0xe00195baf8c0 UDPv6 :::51893 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:58:05 UTC+0000
0xe00195c28ec0 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 System 2019-06-26 21:29:39 UTC+0000
0xe00195c2d9c0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:3544 *:* 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00195c34ec0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195c34ec0 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:33 UTC+0000
0xe00195c31180 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50608 127.0.0.1:50609 ESTABLISHED 4832 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:55:54 UTC+0000
0xe00195c359b0 TCPv4 127.0.0.1:50636 127.0.0.1:50637 ESTABLISHED 2288 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:11 UTC+0000
0xe00195c7bbe0 TCPv4 0.0.0.0:50334 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4284 microsip.exe 2019-06-26 21:55:44 UTC+0000
0xe00195cd87a0 UDPv6 ::1:49362 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00195ce3ec0 UDPv6 ::1:1900 *:* 980 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 21:29:36 UTC+0000
0xe00195ce4010 UDPv6 fe80::b0:e910:3571:b4b8:546 *:* 944 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:56:44 UTC+0000
0xe00195d38d10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50668 172.217.27.202:443 ESTABLISHED 3236 firefox.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:20 UTC+0000
0xe00195d68570 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:65265 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe00195d68570 UDPv6 :::65265 *:* 872 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe00195daeb10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50356 34.210.151.118:443 CLOSED 2477589352 2019-06-26 21:56:41 UTC+0000
0xe00195db7d10 TCPv4 192.168.113.144:50516 40.90.23.215:443 CLOSED 988 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:09:26 UTC+0000
0xe00195dc32d0 UDPv4 0.0.0.0:0 *:* 956 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
0xe00195dc32d0 UDPv6 :::0 *:* 956 svchost.exe 2019-06-26 22:57:09 UTC+0000
Thereafter, I got the idea from the same article to use memdump, which enables FIs to analyse the memory contents of executables.
root@attackdefense:~# vol.py -f memory_dump.mem --profile=Win10x64_10240_17770 memdump -p 4284 --dump-dir .
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6.1
************************************************************************
Writing microsip.exe [ 4284] to 4284.dmp
This allows us to use the strings command to analyse the dump file for leads. Unfortunately, it is too big when passed without arguments and we need to filter the output using the grep command.
My initial thought process was to use regex to filter out the target IP address since it was most likely in the dump with the following syntax:
root@attackdefense:~#strings 4284.dmp | grep -Fi "^(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$"
Unfortunately, this did not give any output. Thereafter I searched for details on the SIP protocol and found that the port was commonly specified after the SIP proxy.
Mainly used for dialing or sending dual tones (DTMF). Various input formats are supported. Example: 1-800-567-46-57, 1234, [email protected], [email protected]:5043, 192.168.0.55.
Based on this the substring :port seemed like a viable filter.
root@attackdefense:~# strings 4284.dmp | grep -Fi ":port"
78.216.50.84":port=8080
Extension:Port:Disconnect
[FUNCTION] %s :PortReset Failed at port %d subport %d
[FUNCTION] %s :port %d subport %d.
[FUNCTION] %s :Port %d has been plug out
[FUNCTION] %s :Port %d Link status DET %x
[FUNCTION] %s :Port %d Link status DET %x successful
[FUNCTION] %s :Port %d ,PxIS %lx Px->IS %lx Px->SERR %lx cmd %x TFD %x ERR %x
[FUNCTION] %s :Port %d subport %d,PxIS %lx Px->IS %lx Px->SERR %lx cmd %x TFD %x ERR %x
Unfortunately, the ip address 78.216.50.84 from the search was incorrect. Someone (@Ng Jun Da) gave me a hint that the IP address of the callee could be (e.g. sip: 192.168.x.x) so I decided to try that out and sure enough I managed to recover the IP address of the server!
root@attackdefense:~# strings 4284.dmp | grep -Fi "sip:"
...
To: <sip:[email protected]>
...
In the strings the To field was specified so that was the server's IP address: 192.168.10.129.
This was pretty much an extension of step 2, just that the process id was different and the search string needed to be changed. Since the user was using a gmail account on amazon.com and there was no presence of a client application, the most likely application used to conduct this activity was firefox.exe, with process number 3236.
root@attackdefense:~# vol.py -f memory_dump.mem --profile=Win10x64_10240_17770 memdump -p 3236 --dump-dir .
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6.1
************************************************************************
Writing firefox.exe [ 3236] to 3236.dmp
I wrote the executable to the dump file again, similar to the steps taken above and then thereafter proceeded to search the dump file for the password. I identified a few keywords for this section--email, password, amazon.com. Using several search strings, I could not find a password field.
strings 3236.dmp | grep -Fi "password"
strings 3236.dmp | grep -Fi "amazon.com"
strings 3236.dmp | grep -Fi "password\|amazon.com.*amazon.com\|password"
Searching for emails with gmail's "signature" also proved futile:
strings 3236.dmp | grep -Fi "@gmail.com"
This resulted in a bunch of emails that in my opinion, served as a "distraction" and changing the search term to the particular email did not yield results/leads moving forward.
Finally, I chanced upon this article, which suggested using &Password since it is common in URL encoding.
root@attackdefense:~# strings 3236.dmp | grep -Fi "&Password"
9tulPaSkxFFKaUnL41P9XwtpMYAAN-4jAqpE9CNWoKJsyiBOG63Gw5J_d4bCfeRbF9xCAf2JFcxZqwmM2BTXXPuclHi0.TDLuTEFn1YpOVWeH1OFCoA&email=target_user%40gmail.com&create=0&password=test_password&metadata1=ECdITeCs%3AZY%2BFmhJxsdk9GZfBP4oKTY4X54qTTLzmabBVOB8u%2FOwfF6ZjDEudP4zwqTzZ1pvgXwSeC3Q7239UojWUODl8l74KqaP9%2F8gmASqL0OXncogWX8EPRAPk1QyNxQ6jEsAo1S0MQtl%2F0SKtkpOkpTU98Iz7jpcXmvtOuHr5lEixhfYHcygO1QvLcMCK%2FF0q7%2FbKv60kYyH4Czqi3jTkPBt0lk39s4UTFHxVbYW8HgWXyP1QoOI1WupXb6e5XKvXw0hkwxSAbiEdcW%2B3W7fxZuV0uBS1G7mMITo2c6CvN8MAYjHL2xbNZdoEgHhgV%2BGqi693%2FBOFrv1WdHv4ZWGaH6AUdjaDqM3QXUSA%2FBDn9jn%2Fu2CttChq2Mx5rjFaP0On95VSFD8HehhI5a%2F7wRE7wv81ECpEKSQmySIFd%2FKooWFD5ZuKVpRap3r9ZTbBi5v%2B%2FnavOPvvR%2BIWT6bS2jhpYQ%2B5gncaWmp%2Bs3MBeeHMtv2qnsWLvxBMGDXnfeJEJPO62ooxR4AnCUJ4zZoGrNYotDl23TzJsK1CXL60vNZQz2bNTmONRWIcviW1aipawqSWCkdoCj2wg6iUqLZkXXPE8t8V%2BP9Vlir7fP%2Fyg2vGiGXyLsYgM4aw9JHAnX4sa88XfdAwW
The password for user [email protected] is test_password.
I'm greatful for this experience, which was my first ever individual CTF where I solved the challenge pretty much by myself aside from a few hints 😅. May this be the first of many to come!