[WIP] Add ParameterExpression in Rust

[doichanj]

Summary

This is draft of ParameterExpression in Rust for #13267

Details and comments

I made symbolic algebra engine instead of using symengine to remove dependencies of conan.
The functionalities are limited compared to symengine but I'm implementing enough functions for ParameterExpression

[TO DOs]

• Add python interface maybe in other structure like ParameterPy to keep Parameter structure independent from Python
• Add complex number support (is it necessary ?) - Done
• Add missing functions
• Add more heuristics to simplify equation - Done
• Add simplification of equation
• Add test cases and documentation

[qiskit-bot]

One or more of the following people are relevant to this code:

• @Qiskit/terra-core

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 12024667837

Details

• 0 of 1282 (0.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 3 files are covered.
• 26 unchanged lines in 3 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage decreased (-1.3%) to 87.669%

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Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
crates/circuit/src/symbol_parser.rs	0	187	0.0%
crates/circuit/src/parameter.rs	0	195	0.0%
crates/circuit/src/symbol_expr.rs	0	900	0.0%

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
crates/accelerate/src/unitary_synthesis.rs	1	92.2%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	7	92.23%
crates/qasm2/src/parse.rs	18	96.69%

Totals
Change from base Build 12015226815:	-1.3%
Covered Lines:	79397
Relevant Lines:	90564

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💛 - Coveralls

[mtreinish]

Add complex number support (is it necessary ?)

@Cryoris can confirm, but I think on main we don't have to worry about this for 2.0 since we're dropping pulse support. AFAIK the complex parameter binding and handling was only necessary for pulse expressions. But maybe there is a use case I'm overlooking.

[Cryoris]

For circuits, real is enough. But we currently also allow parameter expressions in the SparsePauliOp, where there's no restriction to real values. Beyond being more difficult to implement, complex number support doesn't come with a performance hit, does it?