Mod3 - Unstoppable Application #402

nuke-web3 · 2022-12-12T05:56:00Z

here is what Joe prepared last time:

JoshOrndorff · 2022-12-13T18:50:06Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

@@ -351,6 +348,38 @@ A measure of the value that block authors can extract based on their knowledge o
 - Backrunning
 - Sandwiching

+> https://www.mev.wiki/


Great website!

They have a similar list of attacks with explanations too. Exercise idea. We have a live chain running and the presenter screen shares while sending some extractable transactions. Students are challenged to extract the mev. They could write scripts.

syllabus/3-Blockchain/Unstoppable_Applications_Activity.md

nuke-web3 · 2023-01-15T03:27:54Z

antifragile img not to go into but illustrate complexity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb#/media/File:Genealogy_map_of_topics_treated_by_Nassim_Taleb.jpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3REdLZ8Xis reference talk by book author.

example: irrational actors can be represented in a very simple model as a completely random act, or opposite act of what a rational actor would do. If you "fuzz" you system you may discover fragility to irrational actions that could undermine your system. Perhaps it's far easier and more likely than it at first appears to experience a black swan event.

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

nuke-web3 · 2023-01-15T04:10:25Z

Alt to andreaus video as source of in class discussions, Shawn kindly suggested:

Here are some topics which I think touch on the same thing, but perhaps approach it in a more professional way:

A discussion on upgradable vs immutable applications. The pros and cons, especially in the context of societal pressures.
A discussion on "code is law" vs intentionality. Should people who exploit a program on the blockchain be expected to return funds? Is it okay to take their funds back by force (on-chain usually)?
A discussion on "root" governance (i.e. 51% vote on anything by all token holders). Does it make sense for this simple majority to have full access to pretty much "do whatever"? What does that mean for the 49%?
A discussion on building systems which take into account irrational actors. What can practically be done? Are their actions fruitful, and what would it take to identify and undo those actions?
A discussion on on-chain vs off-chain governance. Are there objective disadvantages / advantages to either side?
A discussion on the power triangle between node operators, developers, and token holders. Are these parties equal? How should they be represented in governance and decision making processes?

Perhaps quote the video and dig into this aspect of unstoppable code:
"It seizes power from dominate forms of power: governments, corporations, states, associations, cultures, religions. It seizes power, from these big things and gives it to little people. And sooner or later, the people who are losing their undeserved, absusively applied power will start to fight back. And at that point, we will start to find out how unstoppable our code is"

nuke-web3 · 2023-01-15T11:17:47Z

another slide with https://xkcd.com/2347/ to bring up issues with system models not including bad actors on deps. Nit just software, perhaps also on legal or regulatory dependencies to be free from thoee pressures that may render an dapp stoppadle

nuke-web3 · 2023-01-16T08:57:30Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

+Also an observation and clarification: dApps canonically refer to smart contract applications. These exist _within the context_ of consensus systems that themselves inherit properties of unstoppability from.
+The academy (to date) is almost exclusively focused on _consensus system engineering_ - we reason about blockchains themselves, and "dApp"s use these as platforms to operate in.
+Smart contracts module _may_ include detains on unstoppable dapps design considerations. 


@cmichi @athei what do you plan on covering for this topic, generally?

What about FRAME? It is basically a language to write DApps. Just without allowing untrusted code.

We could mention that, yes I agree. But FRAME is more general and expansible than contracts pallet within it, yes? As this is before we even have touched substrate, I think we should not get too deep in the weeds

nuke-web3 · 2023-01-17T04:33:03Z

TODOs and followups:

Bring back:
- equivocation slides if not covered before, or place somewhere else?
- People over Platforms slides?
- Polkadot Pause slide?
- Validator power slides?

lots more notes and slides content near complete

nuke-web3 · 2023-01-17T06:35:42Z

Need to add link to https://www.mevwatch.info/ in slide on ofac. Perhaps embed as iframe

Also mention explictky that social systems are importsnt factor. Thus example of shaming censorship and another of monero "run your own node" culture helps ebfore things the protocol cannot (sometimes good sometimes bad depending on point of view and who benefits)

Complexity slide graphic from atrifragile in above comment

Final thoughts detail on observable behavior trumps theory! Complex systems are not intuitive and may show your assumptions and models are wrong! Examples in things like MeV and Babe fallback dominance etc.

JoshOrndorff

Looking good to me. Left a bunch of comments. Nothing critical. Do with them as you like. 🚀

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

JoshOrndorff · 2023-01-17T09:50:36Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

+## Proof of...<br>Nothing at Stake
+
+Forks are "free" to vote in favor of.... vote on them all!
+
+(if you are not eventually slashed!)
+
+<br>
+
+> What might it cost to successfully attack?


This was a problem with early naive implementations of PoS. I totally support talking about it especially as an example how what initially seems like a good idea might have critical flaws that need to be addressed or the idea needs to be discarded. But try to make it clear that modern PoS schemes avoid this specific problem by having the security deposit and slashing for equivocation.

Yeah, i will bring that back in after these slides as a fix. But i also think mentioning this is still perhaps an incomplete fix for all of this class of thing: long range attacks and weak subjectivity can still potentially cause the same behavior in a much harder to orchestra way, with bad actors having already have their stake released.

JoshOrndorff · 2023-01-17T09:52:44Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

+
+---v
+
+## _Embedded_ PoS Economic Security


DQ: What does embedded mean here?

I want to explain this in terms of global consensus or universal consensus. This conceptually is the same idea of multilocations in xcm.

Contracts that reason about some part of consensus themselves in some way, but thinking that is bad term now... As they are not tasked with consensus activuties.

Perhaps vest to remove. Let me see if i can explain it irl and come up with a correct way of saying it.

JoshOrndorff · 2023-01-17T09:53:31Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

+
+## Complexity
+
+TODO


Just a reminder this still exists

JoshOrndorff · 2023-01-17T09:55:24Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

+## Flashbots 😈
+
+- **Flashbots Auction**: a marketplace for transaction ordering including the Flashbots Relay and MEV-Geth.
+- **MEV-Boost**: an out-of-protocol implementation of proposer-builder separation (PBS) for proof-of-stake Ethereum.
+- **Flashbots Protect**: an rpc endpoint that anyone can use for protection from frontrunning and failed transactions.
+- **Flashbots Data**: tools and dashboards to improve the transparency of MEV activity on Ethereum and the Flashbots Auction.


Some students will have never heard of this stuff. Even Andrew hadn't heard of it, so make sure to explain what it is clearly first before getting into the nuance of whether it is good, bad, both, or neither.

Also, my subjective opinion is that this is a lot of text, so maybe make each bullet appear individually. Up to you though.

JoshOrndorff · 2023-01-17T09:56:50Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md

+## Light Clients, Bridges, Relays

-Light clients only store block headers and consensus-critical information.
+<img style="width: 1200px; margin-left: -150px" src="../../assets/img/3-Blockchain/3.4-light-clients.png"/>

- Allow users to query full nodes from RPC providers,
- but take advantage of hash-based data structure to _verify_ the information coming from the provider.
- Low storage and bandwidth requirements (use in a browser extension or mobile device).
+_Note the single peer reliance <br> for **embedded light clients in bridges**_


FYI, this will be covered in my lesson about light clients and bridges which comes right before yours. I still totally support you talking about it again and in your own voice. Just letting you know.

Ty!
I will remove it, i don't need to duplicate content

JoshOrndorff · 2023-01-17T09:58:43Z

syllabus/3-Blockchain/9-Unstoppable_Applications_slides.md


-## Censorship
+<img rounded style="width: 500px; margin-right: -5em" src="../../assets/img/3-Blockchain/3.4-xkcd-dependency.png" alt="https://xkcd.com/2347/"/>


I vaguely remember reading that his is not a hypothetical, but that Randall had a specific package in mind that is being maintained by that one dev in Nebraska. If you have time to look into it, showing the actual project page might make this more powerful and is also just a fun fact. Sorry I can't remember what it was .

how about https://github.com/Polkadot-js as an example and call out for better or worse Jaco is this core part of the Polkadot infrastructure stack.

also a good motivator of why the academy exists: we need more builders in our industry as there are quite likely many more solo champions and single impls of core infra deps that exist in web3.

we (the students and leaders of academy) can help change that.

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nuke-web3 added 5 commits January 12, 2023 18:11

start

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in progress new content

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in progress...

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progress, new style

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... perhaps off topic?

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progress, oracles

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dependency attacks

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antifragile and trilemmas

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Merge branch 'main' into ds/unstoppable-apps

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51% attack details, style

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Merge branch 'main' into ds/unstoppable-apps

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lots more graphics, vertical slides

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lots more notes and slides content near complete

nuke-web3 requested a review from athei January 17, 2023 05:58

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Unstoppable apps followup post BA #472

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final final? lol

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final final final???

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kianenigma pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 19, 2023

Mod3 - Unstoppable Application (#402)

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Mod3 - Unstoppable Application #402

Mod3 - Unstoppable Application #402

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		## Censorship
		<img rounded style="width: 500px; margin-right: -5em" src="../../assets/img/3-Blockchain/3.4-xkcd-dependency.png" alt="https://xkcd.com/2347/"/>


		## Complexity

		TODO

Mod3 - Unstoppable Application #402

Mod3 - Unstoppable Application #402

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