calamares: fix locale errors and update

[vlinkz]

Description of changes

Changes that fix the calamares installer on unstable, update versions, and add more stability by adding a backup network check url.

Things done

• Update calamares to 0.3.59
• Add SUPPORTED file to glibcLocales
• Make calamares read that SUPPORTED files to find suitable locales
  • fixes Error: unsupported locales detected #180935
  • Caused as a side effect of nixos/i18n: don't build all supportedLocales by default #177318
• Add https://cache.nixos.org connectivity check
  • fixes Add more connectivity check URLs in case geoip.kde.org goes down calamares-nixos-extensions#11

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandbox = true set in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 22.11 Release Notes (or backporting 22.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
  • (Release notes changes) Ran nixos/doc/manual/md-to-db.sh to update generated release notes
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

[vlinkz]

I left this on the back burner for too long. Should fix issues with unstable ISO for now, but some major changes will be needed to the patches once calamares 3.3.x is released in a few months

[SuperSandro2000]

This PR rebuilds a lot of packages which means we must target staging. Please follow the contributing guide to not potentially ping a lot of people.

@ofborg eval