Python 3.10 closure contains incompatible versions of CUDA and g++, causing build failures

[bcdarwin]

Describe the bug

As per the title, the current CUDA and stdenv versions used to build torchWithCuda are seemingly incompatible and can lead to build failures stating this (specifically torchvision - see below - but likely others as well).

Likely introduced in #214887 [of course it was the actual stdenv bump], but as it's a dynamic failure it's not a triviality to add an assert to torch to catch similar errors in future.

Steps To Reproduce

1. Built python310Packages.torchvision with CUDA-enabled torch (e.g. cudaSupport = true; in config.nix or override torch = torchWithCuda in torchvision).
2. Observe the build fails with the following output:

  File "/nix/store/v9qczq3z12j33pnkzdfmpv7mq6zw9yvm-python3.10-setuptools-65.6.3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 346, in run
    self.build_extensions()
  File "/nix/store/z8y26ilyi7qgi9ai3m3dcn7iz6b24b2n-python3.10-torch-1.13.1/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 499, in build_extensions
    _check_cuda_version(compiler_name, compiler_version)
  File "/nix/store/z8y26ilyi7qgi9ai3m3dcn7iz6b24b2n-python3.10-torch-1.13.1/lib/python3.10/site-packages/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py", line 416, in _check_cuda_version
    raise RuntimeError(
RuntimeError: The current installed version of g++ (12.2.0) is greater than the maximum required version by CUDA 11.7 (11.5.0). Please make sure to use an adequate version
of g++ (>=6.0.0, <=11.5.0).
/nix/store/b09v23lirgvci3wzszh22mbkdfj0h0yq-stdenv-linux/setup: line 1582: pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context
error: builder for '/nix/store/yv47nwpr15gggbfh7wjb5hjd6xn4pcxq-python3.10-torchvision-0.14.1.drv' failed with exit code 1

Notify maintainers

@teh @thoughtpolice @tscholak @NickCao

Metadata

[user@system:~]$ nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"
 - system: `"x86_64-linux"`
 - host os: `Linux 4.15.0-169-generic, Ubuntu, 18.04.6 LTS (Bionic Beaver), nobuild`
 - multi-user?: `no`
 - sandbox: `no`
 - version: `nix-env (Nix) 2.14.0pre20230222_4a921ba`
 - channels(bcdarwin): `"home-manager, nixpkgs"`
 - nixpkgs: `/home/bcdarwin/.nix-defexpr/channels/nixpkgs`

[samuela]

cc @NixOS/cuda-maintainers

[ConnorBaker]

This should be fixed when #218035 is merged.