update docs in preparation for v1.4 release

doc/docs/Acknowledgements.md

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 ---
 
 Authors
----------------
+-------
 
-Meep originated as part of graduate research at MIT with initial contributions by [Steven G. Johnson](http://math.mit.edu/~stevenj/), [Ardavan Oskooi](http://ab-initio.mit.edu/~oskooi/), [David Roundy](http://physics.oregonstate.edu/~roundyd/), [Mihai Ibanescu](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mihai-ibanescu-2b147825/), and [Peter Bermel](http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~pbermel/). Currently, the Meep project is maintained by [Simpetus](http://www.simpetus.com) and the open-source community on [GitHub](https://github.com/stevengj/meep).
+Meep originated as part of graduate research at MIT with initial contributions by [Steven G. Johnson](http://math.mit.edu/~stevenj/), [Ardavan Oskooi](http://ab-initio.mit.edu/~oskooi/), [David Roundy](http://physics.oregonstate.edu/~roundyd/), [Mihai Ibanescu](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mihai-ibanescu-2b147825/), and [Peter Bermel](http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~pbermel/). Currently, the Meep project is maintained by [Simpetus](http://www.simpetus.com) and the open-source developer community on [GitHub](https://github.com/stevengj/meep).
 
 Referencing
 -----------

doc/docs/Download.md

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 
 The latest development source is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/stevengj/meep).
 
-The current stable release is **version 1.3** which can be downloaded from:
+The current stable release is **version 1.4** which can be downloaded from:
 
 -   <https://github.com/stevengj/meep/releases>
 
 Meep is open-source software under the [GNU GPL](License_and_Copyright.md).
 
-Refer to the [Release Notes](Release_Notes.md) to see what's new in this version, and be sure to read the [Installation](Installation.md) manual for how to compile and install it.
+Refer to the [Release Notes](Release_Notes.md) to see what's new in this version, and be sure to read the [Installation](Installation.md) section for how to compile and install it.
 
 Please subscribe to the **meep-announce** mailing list to receive notifications when new versions are released:
 

doc/docs/FAQ.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # FAQ
 ---
 
-The following are frequently asked questions about Meep.
+The following are frequently asked questions.
 
 [TOC]
 
@@ -11,18 +11,22 @@ General
 
 ### What is Meep?
 
-Meep is a free/open-source software package for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Meep is an acronym for MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation.
+Meep is a free/open-source software package for [finite-difference time-domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite-difference_time-domain_method) (FDTD) simulation. Meep is an acronym for MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation.
 
 ### Who are the developers of Meep?
 
-Meep was originally developed as part of graduate research at MIT. The project is now being maintained by [Simpetus](http://www.simpetus.com) and the open-source community on [GitHub](https://github.com/stevengj/meep).
+Meep was originally developed as part of graduate research at MIT. The project is now being maintained by [Simpetus](http://www.simpetus.com) and the open-source developer community on [GitHub](https://github.com/stevengj/meep).
 
 ### Where can I ask questions regarding Meep?
 
 There is a public [mailing list](http://ab-initio.mit.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/meep-discuss) for users to discuss issues pertaining to setting up simulations, post-processing output, installation, etc. A good place to start is the [list archives](https://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/) which includes all postings since 2006 spanning a large number and variety of discussion topics. Bug reports and new feature requests should be filed as a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/stevengj/meep/issues).
 
 [Simpetus](http://www.simpetus.com), a company started by Meep's developers, provides professional consulting services for photonic design and modeling including development of turn-key simulation modules as well as training and technical support for getting up and running with Meep.
 
+### How can I contribute to the Meep project?
+
+[Pull requests](https://github.com/stevengj/meep/pulls) involving bug fixes, new features, and general improvements are welcome and can be made to the master branch on GitHub. This includes tweaks, revisions, and updates to the documentation which is also part of the [repository](https://github.com/stevengj/meep/tree/master/doc).
+
 Installation
 ------------
 
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ Physics
 
 There is no simple formula relating the input current amplitude (**J** in Maxwell's equations) to the resulting fields (**E**) etcetera, even at the same point as the current. The exact same current will produce a different field and radiate a different total power depending upon the surrounding materials/geometry, and depending on the frequency. This is a physical consequence of the geometry's effect on the local density of states; it can also be thought of as feedback from reflections on the source. As a simple example, if you put a current source inside a perfect electric conductor, the resulting field will be zero. As another example, the frequency-dependence of the radiated power in vacuum is part of the reason why the sky is blue.
 
-See also this book chapter on [Wave Source Conditions](http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1301.5366).
+See also Section 4.4 ("Currents and Fields: The Local Density of States") in [Chapter 4](http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1301.5366) ("Electromagnetic Wave Source Conditions") of the book [Advances in FDTD Computational Electrodynamics: Photonics and Nanotechnology](https://www.amazon.com/Advances-FDTD-Computational-Electrodynamics-Nanotechnology/dp/1608071707).
 
 If you are worried about this, then you are probably setting up your calculation in the wrong way. Especially in linear materials, the absolute magnitude of the field is useless; the only meaningful quantities are dimensionless ratios like the fractional transmission: the transmitted power relative to the transmitted power in some reference calculation. Almost always, you want to perform two calculations, one of which is a reference, and compute the ratio of a result in one calculation to the result in the reference. For nonlinear calculations, see [Units and Nonlinearity](Units_and_Nonlinearity.md).
 
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ Meep doesn't implement a frequency-independent complex $\varepsilon$. Not only i
 
 ### Why does my simulation diverge if ε < 0?
 
-Maxwell's equations have exponentially growing solutions for a frequency-independent negative $\varepsilon$. For any physical medium with negative $\varepsilon$, there must be dispersion, and you must likewise use dispersive materials in Meep to have negative $\varepsilon$ at some desired frequency. The requirement of dispersion to obtain negative $\varepsilon$ follows from the Kramers–Kronig relations, and also follows from thermodynamic considerations that the energy in the electric field must be positive; see, for example, *Electrodynamics of Continuous Media* by Landau, Pitaevskii, and Lifshitz. At an even more fundamental level, it can be derived from [passivity constraints](http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1405.0238).
+Maxwell's equations have exponentially growing solutions for a frequency-independent negative $\varepsilon$. For any physical medium with negative $\varepsilon$, there must be dispersion, and you must likewise use dispersive materials in Meep to have negative $\varepsilon$ at some desired frequency. The requirement of dispersion to obtain negative $\varepsilon$ follows from the Kramers–Kronig relations, and also follows from thermodynamic considerations that the energy in the electric field must be positive; see, for example, the book [Electrodynamics of Continuous Media](https://www.amazon.com/Electrodynamics-Continuous-Media-Second-Theoretical/dp/0750626348) by Landau, Pitaevskii, and Lifshitz. At an even more fundamental level, it can be derived from [passivity constraints](http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1405.0238).
 
 If you solve Maxwell's equations in a homogeneous-epsilon material at some real wavevector **k**, you get a dispersion relation $\omega^2 = c^2 |\mathbf{k}|^2 / \varepsilon$. If $\varepsilon$ is positive, there are two real solutions $\omega^2 = \pm c |\mathbf{k}| / \sqrt{\varepsilon}$, giving oscillating solutions. If $\varepsilon$ is negative, there are two *imaginary* solutions $\mu$, corresponding to exponentially decaying and *exponentially growing solutions* from any current source. These solutions can always be spatially decomposed into a superposition of real-**k** values via a spatial Fourier transform.
 
@@ -74,16 +78,20 @@ Usage
 
 ### Is there a Python interface?
 
-An official Python interface is currently under development and will be released in early 2018. An unofficial [Python interface](https://github.com/FilipDominec/python-meep-utils) has been developed independently by researchers at the Institute of Physics at the Czech Academy of Sciences and Ghent University. Unfortunately, this interface has a number of shortcomings including missing support for geometric objects, lack of high-level abstractions for low-level functionality, and limited documentation. These will all be addressed in the official interface.
+An official Python interface was released in January 2018. An unofficial [Python interface](https://github.com/FilipDominec/python-meep-utils) has been developed independently by researchers at the Institute of Physics at the Czech Academy of Sciences and Ghent University. Unfortunately, this interface has a number of shortcomings including missing support for geometric objects, lack of high-level abstractions for low-level functionality, and limited documentation. The official interface addresses all these issues.
 
 ### Why doesn't turning off subpixel averaging work?
 
 By default, when Meep assigns a dielectric constant $\varepsilon$ or $\mu$ to each pixel, it uses a carefully designed average of the $\varepsilon$ values within that pixel. This subpixel averaging generally improves the accuracy of the simulation — perhaps counter-intuitively, for geometries with discontinous $\varepsilon$ it is *more* accurate (i.e. closer to the exact Maxwell result for the *discontinuous* case) to do the simulation with the subpixel-averaged (*smoothed*) $\varepsilon$, as long as the averaging is done properly. For details, see the [reference publication](Acknowledgements/#referencing).
 
-Still, there are times when, for whatever reason, you might not want this feature. For example, if your accuracy is limited by other issues, or if you want to skip the wait at the beginning of the simulation for it do to the averaging. In this case, you can disable the subpixel averaging by setting `eps_averaging = False` via the `Simulation` class (Python) or `(set! eps-averaging? false)` (Scheme) in your script file. See the [User Interface](Python_User_Interface.md).
+Still, there are times when, for whatever reason, you might not want this feature. For example, if your accuracy is limited by other issues, or if you want to skip the wait at the beginning of the simulation for it do to the averaging. In this case, you can disable the subpixel averaging by setting `Simulation.eps_averaging = False` (Python) or `(set! eps-averaging? false)` (Scheme). See the [User Interface](Python_User_Interface.md).
 
 Even if you disable the subpixel averaging, however, when you output the dielectric function to a file and plot it, you may notice that there are some pixels with intermediate $\varepsilon$ values, right at the boundary between two materials. This has a completely different source. Internally, Meep's simulation is performed on a [Yee grid](Yee_Lattice.md), in which every field component is stored on a slightly different grid which are offset from one another by half-pixels, and the $\varepsilon$ values are also stored on this Yee grid. For output purposes, however, it is more user-friendly to output all fields etcetera on the same grid at the center of each pixel, so all quantities are interpolated onto this grid for output. Therefore, even though the internal $\varepsilon$ values are indeed discontinuous when you disable subpixel averaging, the *output* file will still contain some "averaged" values at interfaces due to the interpolation from the Yee grid to the center-pixel grid.
 
 ### Does Meep support importing GDSII files?
 
-Not currently, but work is underway to add support for this feature (expected release: 2018). This will facilitate the fabrication of simulated, [planar 2d designs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDSII) using semiconductor foundries. Also, this feature will enable plug-and-play capability with [electronic design automation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_design_automation) (EDA) circuit-layout editors (e.g., Cadence Virtuoso Layout, Silvaco Expert, KLayout, etc.). EDA is used for the synthesis and verification of large and complex integrated circuits.
+Not currently, but work is underway to add support for this feature with expected release in mid 2018. This will facilitate the simulation of [2d/planar structures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDSII) which are fabricated using semiconductor foundries. Also, this feature will enable Meep's plug-and-play capability with [electronic design automation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_design_automation) (EDA) circuit-layout editors (e.g., Cadence Virtuoso Layout, Silvaco Expert, KLayout, etc.). EDA is used for the synthesis and verification of large and complex integrated circuits.
+
+### How to set up an oblique planewave source?
+
+A planewave incident at any angle can be generated by setting the amplitude function of a 1d/line source (for a 2d computational cell) or 2d/plane source (for a 3d cell). This is discussed on the [mailing list](https://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg00692.html). Examples are demonstrated in [Python](https://github.com/stevengj/meep/blob/master/python/examples/pw-source.py) and [Scheme](https://github.com/stevengj/meep/blob/master/python/examples/pw-source.py). For more details, refer to Section 4.5 ("Efficiency Frequency-Angle Coverage") in [Chapter 4](https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.5366) ("Electromagnetic Wave Source Conditions") of the book [Advances in FDTD Computational Electrodynamics: Photonics and Nanotechnology](https://www.amazon.com/Advances-FDTD-Computational-Electrodynamics-Nanotechnology/dp/1608071707).