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Huawei Cloud .Net Software Development Kit (.Net SDK)

The Huawei Cloud .Net SDK allows you to easily work with Huawei Cloud services such as Elastic Compute Service (ECS) and Virtual Private Cloud(VPC) without the need to handle API related tasks.

This document introduces how to obtain and use Huawei Cloud .Net SDK.

Requirements

  • To use Huawei Cloud .Net SDK, you must have Huawei Cloud account as well as the Access Key (AK) and Secret key (SK) of the Huawei Cloud account. You can create an Access Key in the Huawei Cloud console. For more information, see My Credentials.

  • To use Huawei Cloud .Net SDK to access the APIs of specific service, please make sure you do have activated the service in Huawei Cloud console if needed.

  • The .NET SDK requires：

    • .NET and .NET Core 2.0 or above
    • .NET Framework 4.6.2 or above

For more version maintenance information, please refer to Lifecycle FAQ - .NET Core, .NET Framework

Install .Net SDK

Run the following commands to install .Net SDK:

You must install HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core library no matter which product development kit you need to use. Take using VPC SDK for example, you need to install HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core library and HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc library:

  • Use .NET CLI
dotnet add package HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core
dotnet add package HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc
  • Use Package Manager
Install-Package HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core
Install-Package HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc

Code example

  • The following example shows how to query a list of VPC in a specific region, you need to substitute your real {Service}Client for VpcClient in actual use.
  • Hard-coding ak and sk for authentication into the code has a great security risk. It is recommended to store the ciphertext in the profile or environment variables and decrypt it when used to ensure security.
  • In this example, ak and sk are stored in environment variables. Please configure the environment variables HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK and HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK before running this example.

Simplified Demo

using System;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

namespace ListVpcsSolution
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Configure authentication
        	// Authentication can be configured through environment variables and other methods. Please refer to Chapter 2.3 Authentication Management
            var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
            var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
            var auth = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk);

            // Create a service client
            var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
                .WithCredential(auth)
                .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
                .Build();

            // Create a request
            var request = new ListVpcsRequest();
            try
            {
                // Send the request and get the response
                var response = client.ListVpcs(request);
                Console.WriteLine(response.HttpStatusCode);
            }
            catch (RequestTimeoutException requestTimeoutException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(requestTimeoutException.ErrorMessage);
            }
            catch (ServiceResponseException clientRequestException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.HttpStatusCode);
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.RequestId);
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.ErrorCode);
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.ErrorMsg);
            }
            catch (ConnectionException connectionException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(connectionException.ErrorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

Detailed Demo

using System;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace ListVpcsSolution
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Configure authentication
        	// Authentication can be configured through environment variables and other methods. Please refer to Chapter 2.3 Authentication Management
            // If projectId is not filled in, the SDK will automatically call the IAM service to query the project id corresponding to the region.
            var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
            var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
            var projectId = "{your projectId string}";
            var auth = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk, projectId: projectId)
                // Configure the SDK built-in IAM service endpoint, default is https://iam.myhuaweicloud.com
                .WithIamEndpoint("https://iam.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com");

            // Use default configuration
            var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig()
                // Configure whether to ignore the SSL certificate verification, default is false
                .WithIgnoreSslVerification(true)
                // Configure timeout as needed, default timeout is 120 seconds
                .WithTimeout(120)
                // Configure proxy as needed
                // Replace the proxy host and port in the example according to the actual situation
                .WithProxyHost("proxy.huaweicloud.com")
                .WithProxyPort(8080)
                // Configure the username and password if the proxy requires authentication
                .WithIgnoreProxyUsername(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROXY_USERNAME"))
                .WithIgnoreProxyPassword(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROXY_PASSWORD"));

            // Configure HTTP handler to print the original request and response, do not use it in a production environment
            var httpHandler = new HttpHandler()
                .AddRequestHandler((requestMessage, logger) => logger.LogDebug(requestMessage.ToString()))
                .AddResponseHandler((responseMessage, logger) => logger.LogDebug(responseMessage.ToString()));

            // Create a service client
            var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
                // Configure authentication
                .WithCredential(auth)
                // Configure region, it will throw a ArgumentNullException if the region does not exist
                .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
                // Configure log level
                .WithLogging(LogLevel.Debug)
                // Configure HTTP handler
                .WithHttpHandler(httpHandler)
                // Configure HTTP
                .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
                .Build();

            // Create a request
            var request = new ListVpcsRequest();
            // Configure the number of records on each page
            request.Limit = 1;
            try
            {
                // Send the request and get the response
                var response = client.ListVpcs(request);
                foreach (var vpc in response.Vpcs)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(vpc.Name);
                    Console.WriteLine(vpc.Description);
                }
            }
            catch (RequestTimeoutException requestTimeoutException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(requestTimeoutException.ErrorMessage);
            }
            catch (ServiceResponseException clientRequestException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.HttpStatusCode);
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.RequestId);
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.ErrorCode);
                Console.WriteLine(clientRequestException.ErrorMsg);
            }
            catch (ConnectionException connectionException)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(connectionException.ErrorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

Online Debugging

API Explorer provides api retrieval and online debugging, supports full fast retrieval, visual debugging, help document viewing, and online consultation.

Changelog

Detailed changes for each released version are documented in the CHANGELOG.md.

User Manual 🔝

1. Client Configuration 🔝

1.1 Default Configuration 🔝

// Use default configuration
var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig();

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
    .Build();

1.2 Network Proxy 🔝

Use network proxy if needed.

  • Only HTTP proxy is supported if you have assigned proxy port when configuring proxy.
var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig()
    // Replace the proxy host and port in the example according to the actual situation
    .WithProxyHost("proxy.huaweicloud.com")
    .WithProxyPort(8080)
    // Configure the username and password if the proxy requires authentication
    .WithIgnoreProxyUsername(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROXY_USERNAME"))
    .WithIgnoreProxyPassword(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROXY_PASSWORD"));

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
    .Build();
  • Both HTTP and HTTPS proxy are supported if proxy port is unassigned when configuring proxy.
var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig()
    .WithProxyHost("https://proxy.huaweicloud.com:8080")
    // Configure the username and password if the proxy requires authentication
    // In this example, username and password are stored in environment variables. Please configure the environment variables PROXY_USERNAME and PROXY_PASSWORD before running this example.
    .WithIgnoreProxyUsername(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROXY_USERNAME"))
    .WithIgnoreProxyPassword(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PROXY_PASSWORD"));

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
    .Build();

1.3 Timeout Configuration 🔝

// The default timeout is 120 seconds, which can be adjusted as needed
var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig().WithTimeout(120);

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
    .Build();

1.4 SSL Certification 🔝

// Skip SSL certifaction checking while using https protocal if needed
var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig().WithIgnoreSslVerification(true);

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
    .Build();

2. Credentials Configuration 🔝

There are two types of Huawei Cloud services, regional services and global services.

Global services contain IAM, TMS, EPS.

For regional services' authentication, projectId is required to initialize BasicCredentials.

For global services' authentication, domainId is required to initialize GlobalCredentials.

Parameter description:

  • ak is the access key ID for your account.
  • sk is the secret access key for your account.
  • projectId is the ID of your project depending on the region you want to operate.
  • domainId is the account ID of Huawei Cloud.
  • securityToken is the security token when using temporary AK/SK.

You could use permanent AK and SK or use temporary AK and SK and SecurityToken to complete credentials' configuration.

2.1 Use Permanent AK&SK 🔝

// Regional services
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
var projectId = "{your projectId string}";

Credentials basicCredentials = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk, projectId);

// Global services
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
var domainId = "{your domainId string}";

Credentials globalCredentials = new GlobalCredentials(ak, sk, domainId);

Notice:

  • projectId/domainId supports automatic acquisition in version 3.0.26-beta or later, if you want to use this feature, you need to provide the ak and sk of your account and the id of the region, and then build your client instance with method WithRegion(), detailed example could refer to 3.2 Initialize the client with specified Region .

2.2 Use Temporary AK&SK 🔝

It's required to obtain temporary AK&SK and security token first, which could be obtained through permanent AK&SK or through an agency.

// Regional services
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
var securityToken = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SECURITY_TOKEN");
var projectId = "{your projectId string}";

Credentials basicCredentials = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk, projectId).WithSecurityToken(securityToken);
    
// Global services
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
var securityToken = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SECURITY_TOKEN");
var domainId = "{your domainId string}";

Credentials globalCredentials = new GlobalCredentials(ak, sk, domainId).WithSecurityToken(securityToken);

2.3 Authentication Management 🔝

Getting Authentication from providers is supported since v3.1.62

Regional services use XxxCredentialProvider.GetBasic()

Global services use XxxCredentialProvider.GetGlobal()

2.3.1 Environment Variables 🔝

AK/SK Auth

Environment Variables Notice
HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK Required，AccessKey
HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK Required，SecretKey
HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SECURITY_TOKEN Optional, this parameter needs to be specified when using temporary ak/sk
HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_PROJECT_ID Optional, used for regional services, required in multi-ProjectId scenarios
HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_DOMAIN_ID Optional, used for global services

Configure environment variables:

// Linux
export HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK=YOUR_AK
export HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK=YOUR_SK

// Windows
set HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK=YOUR_AK
set HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK=YOUR_SK

Get the credentials from configured environment variables:

using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;

// basic
var basicProvider = EnvCredentialProvider.GetBasic();
var basicCredentials = basicProvider.GetCredentials();

// global
var globalProvider = EnvCredentialProvider.GetGlobal();
var globalCredentials = globalProvider.GetCredentials();
2.3.2 Profile 🔝

The profile will be read from the user's home directory by default, linux~/.huaweicloud/credentials,windowsC:\Users\USER_NAME\.huaweicloud\credentials, the path to the profile can be modified by configuring the environment variable HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_CREDENTIALS_FILE

AK/SK Auth

Configuration Parameters Notice
ak Required，AccessKey
sk Required，SecretKey
security_token Optional, this parameter needs to be specified when using temporary ak/sk
project_id Optional, used for regional services, required in multi-ProjectId scenarios
domain_id Optional, used for global services
iam_endpoint optional, endpoint for authentication, default is https://iam.myhuaweicloud.com

The content of the profile is as follows:

[basic]
ak = your_ak
sk = your_sk

[global]
ak = your_ak
sk = your_sk

Get the credentials from profile:

using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;

// basic
var basicProvider = ProfileCredentialProvider.GetBasic();
var basicCredentials = basicProvider.GetCredentials();

// global
var globalProvider = ProfileCredentialProvider.GetGlobal();
var globalCredentials = globalProvider.GetCredentials();
2.3.3 Provider Chain 🔝

When creating a service client without credentials, try to load authentication in the order Environment Variables -> Profile

Get authentication from provider chain:

using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;

// basic
var basicChain = CredentialProviderChain.GetBasic();
var basicCredentials = basicChain.GetCredentials();

// global
var globalChain = CredentialProviderChain.GetGlobal();
var globalCredentials = globalChain.GetCredentials();

Custom credentials provider chain is supported:

using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;

var providers = new ICredentialProvider[]
{
    ProfileCredentialProvider.GetBasic(),
    EnvCredentialProvider.GetBasic()
};
var chain = new CredentialProviderChain(providers);
var credentials = chain.GetCredentials();

3. Client Initialization 🔝

There are two ways to initialize the {Service}Client, you could choose one you preferred.

3.1 Initialize the {Service}Client with specified Endpoint 🔝

// Specify the endpoint, take the endpoint of VPC service in region of cn-north-4 for example
String endpoint = "https://vpc.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com";

// Initialize the credentials, you should provide projectId or domainId in this way, take initializing BasicCredentials for example
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
var projectId = "{your projectId string}";
Credentials basicCredentials = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk, projectId);

// Initialize specified {Service}Client instance, take initializing the regional service VPC's VpcClient for example
VpcClient vpcClient = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(basicCredentials)
    .WithEndPoint(endpoint)
    .WithHttpConfig(config)
    .Build();

where:

  • endpoint is the service specific endpoints, see Regions and Endpoints.

  • When you meet some trouble in getting projectId using the specified region way, you could use this way instead.

3.2 Initialize the {Service}Client with specified Region (Recommended) 🔝

// Initialize the credentials, projectId or domainId could be unassigned in this situation, take initializing GlobalCredentials for example
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
Credentials globalCredentials = new GlobalCredentials(ak, sk);

// Initialize specified {Service}Client instance, take initializing the global service IAM's IamClient for example
IamClient iamClient = IamClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(globalCredentials)
    .WithRegion(IamRegion.CN_NORTH_4)
    .WithHttpConfig(config)
    .Build();

Notice:

  • If you use {Service}Region to initialize {Service}Client, projectId/domainId supports automatic acquisition, you don't need to configure it when initializing Credentials.

  • Multiple ProjectId situation is not supported.

  • Supported region list: af-south-1, ap-southeast-1, ap-southeast-2, ap-southeast-3, cn-east-2, cn-east-3, cn-north-1, cn-north-4, cn-south-1, cn-southwest-2, ru-northwest-2. You may get exception such as Unsupported regionId if your region don't in the list above.

Comparison of the two ways:

Initialization Advantages Disadvantage
Specified Endpoint The API can be invoked successfully once it has been published in the environment. You need to prepare projectId and endpoint yourself.
Specified Region No need for projectId and endpoint, it supports automatic acquisition if you configure it in the right way. The supported services and regions are limited.

3.3 Custom Configuration 🔝

Notice: Supported since v3.1.62

3.3.1 IAM endpoint configuration 🔝

Automatically acquiring projectId/domainId will invoke the KeystoneListProjects /KeystoneListAuthDomains interface of IAM service. The default iam enpoint is https://iam.myhuaweicloud.com, European station users need to specify the endpoint as https://iam.eu-west-101.myhuaweicloud.eu, you can modify the endpoint in the following two ways:

3.3.1.1 Global scope 🔝

This configuration takes effect globally, specified by environment variable HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_IAM_ENDPOINT

//linux
export HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_IAM_ENDPOINT=https://iam.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com

//windows
set HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_IAM_ENDPOINT=https://iam.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com
3.3.1.2 Credentials scope 🔝

This configuration is only valid for a credential, and it will override the global configuration

using System;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;

var iamEndpoint = "https://iam.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com";
var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
var credentials = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk).WithIamEndpoint(iamEndpoint);
3.3.2 Region configuration 🔝
3.3.2.1 Code 🔝
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Ecs.V2;

// Create a region with custom region id and endpoint
var region = new Region("cn-north-9", "https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.com")

var client = EcsClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithRegion(region)
    .Build();
3.3.2.2 Environment variable 🔝

Specified by environment variable, a region can correspond to multiple endpoints.

If the main endpoint cannot be connected, it will automatically switch to the backup endpoint.

The format is HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_REGION_{SERVICE_NAME}_{REGION_ID}={endpoint1},{endpoint2}, separate multiple endpoints with commas.

Notice: the name of environment variable is UPPER-CASE, replacing hyphens with underscores.

// linux
export HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_REGION_ECS_CN_NORTH_9=https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.com,https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.cn

// windows
set HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_REGION_ECS_CN_NORTH_9=https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.com,https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.cn
3.3.2.3 Profile 🔝

The profile will be read from the user's home directory by default, linux~/.huaweicloud/regions.yaml,windowsC:\Users\USER_NAME\.huaweicloud\regions.yaml,the default file may not exist, but if the file exists and the content format is incorrect, an exception will be thrown for parsing errors.

The path to the profile can be modified by configuring the environment variable HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_REGIONS_FILE, like HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_REGIONS_FILE=/tmp/my_regions.yml

A region can correspond to multiple endpoints, if the main endpoint cannot be connected, it will automatically switch to the backup endpoint.

The file content format is as follows:

# Service name is case-insensitive
ECS:
  - id: 'cn-north-9'
    endpoints:
      - 'https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.com'
      - 'https://ecs.cn-north-9.myhuaweicloud.cn'
3.3.2.4 Region supply chain 🔝

The default lookup order is environment variables -> profile -> region defined in SDK of method Region.ValueOf(regionId), if the region is not found in the above ways, an exception ArgumentException will be thrown.

using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Ecs.V2;

var region = EcsRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-9");

4. Send Requests and Handle Responses 🔝

// Send request and print response, take interface of ListVpcs for example
var request = new ListVpcsRequest
{
    Limit = 1,
};

var response = vpcClient.ListVpcs(request)
Console.WriteLine(JsonUtils.Serialize(response.Vpcs));

4.1 Exceptions 🔝

Level 1 Notice Level 2 Notice
ConnectionException Connection error HostUnreachableException Host is not reachable
SslHandShakeException SSL certification error
RequestTimeoutException Request timeout CallTimeoutException timeout for single request
RetryOutageException no response after retrying
ServiceResponseException service response error ServerResponseException server inner error, http status code: [500,]
ClientRequestException invalid request, http status code: [400, 500) 
// Handle ClientRequestExceptions
try
{
    var request = new ListVpcsRequest
    {
        Limit = 1,
    };

    var response = vpcClient.ListVpcs(request);
    Console.WriteLine(JsonUtils.Serialize(response.Vpcs));
}
catch (ServiceResponseException serviceResponseException)
{
    Console.WriteLine(serviceResponseException.HttpStatusCode);
    Console.WriteLine(serviceResponseException.ErrorCode);
    Console.WriteLine(serviceResponseException.ErrorMsg);
    Console.WriteLine(serviceResponseException.RequestId);
}

5. Use Asynchronous Client 🔝

// Initialize asynchronous client instance, take VpcAsyncClient for example
var vpcAsyncClient = VpcAsyncClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithEndPoint(endpoint)
    .WithHttpConfig(config)
    .Build();


var request = new ListVpcsRequest();

// Send the request asynchronously and get the response
var response = await vpcAsyncClient.ListVpcsAsync(request);
Console.WriteLine(JsonUtils.Serialize(response));

6. Troubleshooting 🔝

SDK supports Access log and Debug log which could be configured manually.

6.1 Access Log 🔝

SDK supports print access log which could be enabled by manual configuration, the log could be output to the console.

For example:

var vpcClient = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithEndPoint(endpoint)
    // configure log level and request will be print on the console
    .WithLogging(LogLevel.Information)
    .WithHttpConfig(config)
    .Build();

After enabled log, the SDK will print the access log by default, every request will be recorded to the console like:

info: System.Net.Http.HttpClient.SdkHttpClient.LogicalHandler[100]
      Start processing HTTP request GET https://vpc.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/v1/076958154900d2492f8bc0197405c803/vpcs?limit=1
info: System.Net.Http.HttpClient.SdkHttpClient.ClientHandler[100]
      Sending HTTP request GET https://vpc.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/v1/076958154900d2492f8bc0197405c803/vpcs?limit=1
info: System.Net.Http.HttpClient.SdkHttpClient.ClientHandler[101]
      Received HTTP response after 517.5326ms - OK
info: System.Net.Http.HttpClient.SdkHttpClient.LogicalHandler[101]
      End processing HTTP request after 543.6428ms - OK

6.2 Original HTTP Listener 🔝

In some situation, you may need to debug your http requests, original http request and response information will be needed. The SDK provides a listener function to obtain the original encrypted http request and response information.

⚠️ Warning: The original http log information is used in debugging stage only, please do not print the original http header or body in the production environment. These log information is not encrypted and contains sensitive data such as the password of your ECS virtual machine, or the password of your IAM user account, etc. When the response body is binary content, the body will be printed as "***" without detailed information.

private void RequestHandler(HttpRequestMessage message, ILogger logger)
{
    logger.LogDebug(message.ToString());
}

private void ResponseHandler(HttpResponseMessage message, ILogger logger)
{
    logger.LogDebug(message.ToString());
}

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithLogging(LogLevel.Debug)
    .WithHttpHandler(new HttpHandler()
        .AddRequestHandler(RequestHandler)
        .AddResponseHandler(ResponseHandler))
    .Build();

where:

HttpHandler supports method AddRequestHandler and AddResponseHandler.

7. API Invoker 🔝

7.1 Custom request headers 🔝

You can flexibly configure request headers as needed. Do not specify common request headers such as Host, Authorization, User-Agent, Content-Type unless necessary, as this may cause the errors.

Sync invoke

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
    .Build();

var req = new ListVpcsRequest();
var resp = client.ListVpcsInvoker(req)
    // Custom request headers
    .AddHeader("key1", "value1")
    .AddHeader("key2", "value2")
    .Invoke();
Console.WriteLine(resp.HttpStatusCode);

Async invoke

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

var client = VpcAsyncClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
    .Build();

var req = new ListVpcsRequest();
var resp = await client.ListVpcsAsyncInvoker(req)
    // Custom request headers
    .AddHeader("key1", "value1")
    .AddHeader("key2", "value2")
    .Invoke();
Console.WriteLine(resp.HttpStatusCode);

7.2 Retry 🔝

Retry feature is supported since v3.1.96, the following parameters is required:

  • retryCondition: whether to retry based on the last response or exception.
  • maxRetries: maximum number of retries when retry conditions are met, in range [1, 10].
  • backoffStrategy: calculate delay(milliseconds) before next retry.

Sync invoke

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
    .Build();

var req = new ListVpcsRequest();
// Retry on connection exception, max retry times is 3, retry interval strategy is immediate retry.
var resp = client.ListVpcsInvoker(req)
         .WithRetry((response, exception) => exception is ConnectionException, 3, BackoffStrategies.None).Invoke();

// Retry when the service is unavailable, max retry times is 3, retry interval strategy is EqualJitterBackoffStrategy.
// var resp = client.ListVpcsInvoker(req)
//       .WithRetry((response, exception) => exception is ServerResponseException exc && exc.HttpStatusCode == 503, 3, BackoffStrategies.EqualJitter).Invoke();

Async invoke

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

var client = VpcAsyncClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
    .Build();

var req = new ListVpcsRequest();
// Retry on connection exception, max retry times is 3, retry interval strategy is immediate retry.
var resp = await client.ListVpcsAsyncInvoker(req)
         .WithRetry((response, exception) => exception is ConnectionException, 3, BackoffStrategies.None).Invoke();

// Retry when the service is unavailable, max retry times is 3, retry interval strategy is EqualJitterBackoffStrategy.
// var resp = await client.ListVpcsAsyncInvoker(req)
//       .WithRetry((response, exception) => exception is ServerResponseException exc && exc.HttpStatusCode == 503, 3, BackoffStrategies.EqualJitter).Invoke();

8. Upload Files 🔝

Take the interface UploadBatchTaskFile of the service IoT Device Access as an example:

using System;
using System.IO;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.IoTDA.V5;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.IoTDA.V5.Model;

namespace UploadBatchTaskFileDemo
{
    class Program
    {

        static void UploadBatchTaskFile(IoTDAClient client)
        {
            var file = File.OpenRead("/tmp/template.xlsx");
            var filePart = new FormDataFilePart(file, "template.xlsx");

            var body = new UploadBatchTaskFileRequestBody()
            {
                File = filePart
            };

            var req = new UploadBatchTaskFileRequest
            {
                Body = body
            };

            var resp = client.UploadBatchTaskFile(req);
            var respStatusCode = resp.HttpStatusCode;
            Console.WriteLine(respStatusCode);
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
            var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
            var projectId = "{your project id}";
            var endpoint = "{your endpoint string}";

            var auth = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk, projectId);

            var client = IoTDAClient.NewBuilder()
                .WithCredential(auth)
                .WithEndPoint(endpoint)
                .Build();

            UploadBatchTaskFile(client);
        }
    }
}

9. FAQ 🔝

1 Using .NET Framework 4.7 to integrate .NET SDK, an exception throws - ProtocolViolationException: Cannot send a content-body with this verb-type

[Cause]: .NET Framework does not support generating GET requests with content-body.

[Solution]: Configuration parameter IgnoreBodyForGetRequest makes GET request without content-body, as follows:

var httpConfig = HttpConfig.GetDefaultConfig();
httpConfig.IgnoreBodyForGetRequest = true;

var client = VpcClient.NewBuilder()
    .WithCredential(auth)
    .WithHttpConfig(httpConfig)
    .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
    .Build();

2 Use .NET Framework 4.7 to integrate .NET SDK, a dead lock occurs

[Symptom]: When using synchronized client to call an interface, and the program has been started, but where is no error message or timeout occurs.

[Cause]: The inner implementation of sending requests in synchronized client of SDK is to use an asynchronous task, and SDK will await this task. In such scenario, deadlock occurs between the context of the .NET Framework UI and the asynchronous task context of the SDK. As a result, the asynchronous task of the SDK cannot be activated. Original article

[Solution]: Switch the synchronous client to the asynchronous client. If the UI events and API requests are both asynchronous, there will be no deadlock. The following are examples of MVC and WPF solutions:

MVC

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

namespace WebApplication1.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly VpcAsyncClient _vpcAsyncClient = InitAsyncClient();

        private static VpcAsyncClient InitAsyncClient()
        {
            var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
            var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
            var auth = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk);
			
            // Use asynchronous client
            var client = VpcAsyncClient.NewBuilder()
                    .WithCredential(auth)
                    .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
                    .Build();
            return client;
        }

        private async Task<ListVpcsResponse> ListVpcsAsync()
        {
            var req = new ListVpcsRequest();
            
            // Send the request asynchronously, using await will not block the thread
            var resp = await _vpcAsyncClient.ListVpcsAsync(req);
            Console.WriteLine(resp.GetHttpStatusCode());
            return resp;
        }

        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        
        // Replace synchronous methods with asynchronous methods
        public async Task<ActionResult> About()
        {
            var resp = await ListVpcsAsync();
            var respString = JsonUtils.Serialize(resp);

            ViewBag.Message = respString;
            return View();
        }
    }
}

WPF

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Core.Auth;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2;
using HuaweiCloud.SDK.Vpc.V2.Model;

namespace WpfApp1
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {

        private readonly VpcAsyncClient _asyncClient = InitAsyncClient();

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private static VpcAsyncClient InitAsyncClient()
        {
            var ak = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_AK");
            var sk = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("HUAWEICLOUD_SDK_SK");
            var auth = new BasicCredentials(ak, sk);

            // Use asynchronous client
            var client = VpcAsyncClient.NewBuilder()
                .WithCredential(auth)
                .WithRegion(VpcRegion.ValueOf("cn-north-4"))
                .Build();

            return client;
        }

        private async Task<ListVpcsResponse> ListVpcs()
        {
            var req = new ListVpcsRequest();

            // Send the request asynchronously, using await will not block the thread
            var resp = await _asyncClient.ListVpcsAsync(req);
            Console.WriteLine(resp.GetHttpStatusCode());
            return resp;
        }

        // Replace synchronous methods with asynchronous methods
        private async void ButtonBase_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var resp = await ListVpcs();
            var respString = JsonUtils.Serialize(resp);
            MessageBox.Show(respString);
        }
    }
}

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