deprecate special "inner constructor" syntax

NEWS.md

@@ -22,6 +22,18 @@ New language features
 Language changes
 ----------------
 
+  * "Inner constructor" syntax for parametric types is deprecated. For example,
+    in this definition:
+    ```
+    type Foo{T,S<:Real}
+        x
+        Foo(x) = new(x)
+    end
+    ```
+    the syntax `Foo(x) = new(x)` actually defined a constructor for `Foo{T,S}`,
+    i.e. the case where the type parameters are specified. For clarity, this
+    definition now must be written as `Foo{T,S}(x) where {T,S<:Real} = new(x)`. ([#11310])
+
   * Multi-line and single-line nonstandard command literals have been added. A
     nonstandard command literal is like a nonstandard string literal, but the
     syntax uses backquotes (``` ` ```) instead of double quotes, and the

base/LineEdit.jl

@@ -1014,10 +1014,10 @@ type HistoryPrompt{T<:HistoryProvider} <: TextInterface
     hp::T
     complete
     keymap_dict::Dict{Char,Any}
-    HistoryPrompt(hp) = new(hp, EmptyCompletionProvider())
+    HistoryPrompt{T}(hp) where T<:HistoryProvider = new(hp, EmptyCompletionProvider())
 end
 
-HistoryPrompt{T<:HistoryProvider}(hp::T) = HistoryPrompt{T}(hp)
+HistoryPrompt(hp::T) where T<:HistoryProvider = HistoryPrompt{T}(hp)
 init_state(terminal, p::HistoryPrompt) = SearchState(terminal, p, true, IOBuffer(), IOBuffer())
 
 type PrefixSearchState <: ModeState
@@ -1054,10 +1054,11 @@ type PrefixHistoryPrompt{T<:HistoryProvider} <: TextInterface
     parent_prompt::Prompt
     complete
     keymap_dict::Dict{Char,Any}
-    PrefixHistoryPrompt(hp, parent_prompt) = new(hp, parent_prompt, EmptyCompletionProvider())
+    PrefixHistoryPrompt{T}(hp, parent_prompt) where T<:HistoryProvider =
+        new(hp, parent_prompt, EmptyCompletionProvider())
 end
 
-PrefixHistoryPrompt{T<:HistoryProvider}(hp::T, parent_prompt) = PrefixHistoryPrompt{T}(hp, parent_prompt)
+PrefixHistoryPrompt(hp::T, parent_prompt) where T<:HistoryProvider = PrefixHistoryPrompt{T}(hp, parent_prompt)
 init_state(terminal, p::PrefixHistoryPrompt) = PrefixSearchState(terminal, p, "", IOBuffer())
 
 write_prompt(terminal, s::PrefixSearchState) = write_prompt(terminal, s.histprompt.parent_prompt)

base/atomics.jl

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ Atomic operations use an `atomic_` prefix, such as `atomic_add!`,
 """
 type Atomic{T<:AtomicTypes}
     value::T
-    Atomic() = new(zero(T))
-    Atomic(value) = new(value)
+    Atomic{T}() where T<:AtomicTypes = new(zero(T))
+    Atomic{T}(value) where T<:AtomicTypes = new(value)
 end
 
 Atomic() = Atomic{Int}()

base/base.jl

@@ -152,6 +152,6 @@ immutable Nullable{T}
     hasvalue::Bool
     value::T
 
-    Nullable() = new(false)
-    Nullable(value::T, hasvalue::Bool=true) = new(hasvalue, value)
+    Nullable{T}() where T = new(false)
+    Nullable{T}(value::T, hasvalue::Bool=true) where T = new(hasvalue, value)
 end

base/bitarray.jl

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ type BitArray{N} <: DenseArray{Bool, N}
     chunks::Vector{UInt64}
     len::Int
     dims::NTuple{N,Int}
-    function BitArray(dims::Vararg{Int,N})
+    function BitArray{N}(dims::Vararg{Int,N}) where N
         n = 1
         i = 1
         for d in dims
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Construct an uninitialized `BitArray` with the given dimensions.
 Behaves identically to the [`Array`](@ref) constructor.
 """
 BitArray(dims::Integer...) = BitArray(map(Int,dims))
-BitArray{N}(dims::NTuple{N,Int}) = BitArray{N}(dims...)
+BitArray(dims::NTuple{N,Int}) where N = BitArray{N}(dims...)
 
 typealias BitVector BitArray{1}
 typealias BitMatrix BitArray{2}

base/boot.jl

@@ -269,9 +269,9 @@ Void() = nothing
 
 immutable VecElement{T}
     value::T
-    VecElement(value::T) = new(value) # disable converting constructor in Core
+    VecElement{T}(value::T) where T = new(value) # disable converting constructor in Core
 end
-VecElement{T}(arg::T) = VecElement{T}(arg)
+VecElement(arg::T) where T = VecElement{T}(arg)
 
 # used by lowering of splicing unquote
 splicedexpr(hd::Symbol, args::Array{Any,1}) = (e=Expr(hd); e.args=args; e)

base/channels.jl

@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ type Channel{T} <: AbstractChannel
     # Used when sz_max == 0, i.e., an unbuffered channel.
     takers::Array{Condition}
 
-    function Channel(sz::Float64)
+    function Channel{T}(sz::Float64) where T
         if sz == Inf
             Channel{T}(typemax(Int))
         else
             Channel{T}(convert(Int, sz))
         end
     end
-    function Channel(sz::Integer)
+    function Channel{T}(sz::Integer) where T
         if sz < 0
             throw(ArgumentError("Channel size must be either 0, a positive integer or Inf"))
         end
         new(Condition(), Condition(), :open, Nullable{Exception}(), Array{T}(0), sz, Array{Condition}(0))
     end
 
     # deprecated empty constructor
-    function Channel()
+    function Channel{T}() where T
         depwarn(string("The empty constructor Channel() is deprecated. ",
                         "The channel size needs to be specified explictly. ",
                         "Defaulting to Channel{$T}(32)."), :Channel)
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ show(io::IO, c::Channel) = print(io, "$(typeof(c))(sz_max:$(c.sz_max),sz_curr:$(
 type ChannelIterState{T}
     hasval::Bool
     val::T
-    ChannelIterState(x) = new(x)
+    ChannelIterState{T}(has::Bool) where T = new(has)
 end
 
 start{T}(c::Channel{T}) = ChannelIterState{T}(false)

base/dft.jl

@@ -241,10 +241,10 @@ type ScaledPlan{T,P,N} <: Plan{T}
     p::P
     scale::N # not T, to avoid unnecessary promotion to Complex
     pinv::Plan
-    ScaledPlan(p, scale) = new(p, scale)
+    ScaledPlan{T,P,N}(p, scale) where {T,P,N} = new(p, scale)
 end
-(::Type{ScaledPlan{T}}){T,P,N}(p::P, scale::N) = ScaledPlan{T,P,N}(p, scale)
-ScaledPlan{T}(p::Plan{T}, scale::Number) = ScaledPlan{T}(p, scale)
+ScaledPlan{T}(p::P, scale::N) where {T,P,N} = ScaledPlan{T,P,N}(p, scale)
+ScaledPlan(p::Plan{T}, scale::Number) where T = ScaledPlan{T}(p, scale)
 ScaledPlan(p::ScaledPlan, α::Number) = ScaledPlan(p.p, p.scale * α)
 
 size(p::ScaledPlan) = size(p.p)

base/dict.jl

@@ -99,27 +99,11 @@ type Dict{K,V} <: Associative{K,V}
     idxfloor::Int  # an index <= the indexes of all used slots
     maxprobe::Int
 
-    function Dict()
+    function Dict{K,V}() where V where K
         n = 16
         new(zeros(UInt8,n), Array{K,1}(n), Array{V,1}(n), 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
     end
-    function Dict(kv)
-        h = Dict{K,V}()
-        for (k,v) in kv
-            h[k] = v
-        end
-        return h
-    end
-    Dict(p::Pair) = setindex!(Dict{K,V}(), p.second, p.first)
-    function Dict(ps::Pair...)
-        h = Dict{K,V}()
-        sizehint!(h, length(ps))
-        for p in ps
-            h[p.first] = p.second
-        end
-        return h
-    end
-    function Dict(d::Dict{K,V})
+    function Dict{K,V}(d::Dict{K,V}) where V where K
         if d.ndel > 0
             rehash!(d)
         end
@@ -128,17 +112,33 @@ type Dict{K,V} <: Associative{K,V}
             d.maxprobe)
     end
 end
+function Dict{K,V}(kv) where V where K
+    h = Dict{K,V}()
+    for (k,v) in kv
+        h[k] = v
+    end
+    return h
+end
+Dict{K,V}(p::Pair) where V where K = setindex!(Dict{K,V}(), p.second, p.first)
+function Dict{K,V}(ps::Pair...) where V where K
+    h = Dict{K,V}()
+    sizehint!(h, length(ps))
+    for p in ps
+        h[p.first] = p.second
+    end
+    return h
+end
 # Note the constructors of WeakKeyDict mirror these here, keep in sync.
 Dict() = Dict{Any,Any}()
 Dict(kv::Tuple{}) = Dict()
 copy(d::Dict) = Dict(d)
 
 const AnyDict = Dict{Any,Any}
 
-Dict{K,V}(ps::Pair{K,V}...)            = Dict{K,V}(ps)
-Dict{K  }(ps::Pair{K}...,)             = Dict{K,Any}(ps)
-Dict{V  }(ps::(Pair{K,V} where K)...,) = Dict{Any,V}(ps)
-Dict(     ps::Pair...)                 = Dict{Any,Any}(ps)
+Dict(ps::Pair{K,V}...) where {K,V}        = Dict{K,V}(ps)
+Dict(ps::Pair{K}...,) where K             = Dict{K,Any}(ps)
+Dict(ps::(Pair{K,V} where K)...,) where V = Dict{Any,V}(ps)
+Dict(ps::Pair...)                         = Dict{Any,Any}(ps)
 
 function Dict(kv)
     try
@@ -599,9 +599,9 @@ immutable ImmutableDict{K, V} <: Associative{K,V}
     parent::ImmutableDict{K, V}
     key::K
     value::V
-    ImmutableDict() = new() # represents an empty dictionary
-    ImmutableDict(key, value) = (empty = new(); new(empty, key, value))
-    ImmutableDict(parent::ImmutableDict, key, value) = new(parent, key, value)
+    ImmutableDict{K,V}() where {K,V} = new() # represents an empty dictionary
+    ImmutableDict{K,V}(key, value) where {K,V} = (empty = new(); new(empty, key, value))
+    ImmutableDict{K,V}(parent::ImmutableDict, key, value) where {K,V} = new(parent, key, value)
 end
 
 """
@@ -621,8 +621,8 @@ Create a new entry in the Immutable Dictionary for the key => value pair
 
 """
 ImmutableDict
-ImmutableDict{K,V}(KV::Pair{K,V}) = ImmutableDict{K,V}(KV[1], KV[2])
-ImmutableDict{K,V}(t::ImmutableDict{K,V}, KV::Pair) = ImmutableDict{K,V}(t, KV[1], KV[2])
+ImmutableDict(KV::Pair{K,V}) where {K,V} = ImmutableDict{K,V}(KV[1], KV[2])
+ImmutableDict(t::ImmutableDict{K,V}, KV::Pair) where {K,V} = ImmutableDict{K,V}(t, KV[1], KV[2])
 
 function in(key_value::Pair, dict::ImmutableDict, valcmp=(==))
     key, value = key_value

base/fft/FFTW.jl

@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ for P in (:cFFTWPlan, :rFFTWPlan, :r2rFFTWPlan) # complex, r2c/c2r, and r2r
             flags::UInt32 # planner flags
             region::Any # region (iterable) of dims that are transormed
             pinv::ScaledPlan
-            function $P(plan::PlanPtr, flags::Integer, R::Any,
-                        X::StridedArray{T, N}, Y::StridedArray)
+            function $P{T,K,inplace,N}(plan::PlanPtr, flags::Integer, R::Any,
+                                       X::StridedArray{T, N}, Y::StridedArray) where {T<:fftwNumber,K,inplace,N}
                 p = new(plan, size(X), size(Y), strides(X), strides(Y),
                         alignment_of(X), alignment_of(Y), flags, R)
                 finalizer(p, destroy_plan)

base/fft/dct.jl

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type DCTPlan{T<:fftwNumber,K,inplace} <: Plan{T}
     nrm::Float64 # normalization factor
     region::Dims # dimensions being transformed
     pinv::DCTPlan{T}
-    DCTPlan(plan,r,nrm,region) = new(plan,r,nrm,region)
+    DCTPlan{T,K,inplace}(plan,r,nrm,region) where {T<:fftwNumber,K,inplace} = new(plan,r,nrm,region)
 end
 
 size(p::DCTPlan) = size(p.plan)

base/iobuffer.jl

@@ -14,13 +14,17 @@ type AbstractIOBuffer{T<:AbstractVector{UInt8}} <: IO
     ptr::Int # read (and maybe write) pointer
     mark::Int # reset mark location for ptr (or <0 for no mark)
 
-    AbstractIOBuffer(data::T,readable::Bool,writable::Bool,seekable::Bool,append::Bool,maxsize::Int) =
+    function AbstractIOBuffer{T}(data::T, readable::Bool, writable::Bool, seekable::Bool, append::Bool,
+                                 maxsize::Int) where T<:AbstractVector{UInt8}
         new(data,readable,writable,seekable,append,length(data),maxsize,1,-1)
+    end
 end
 typealias IOBuffer AbstractIOBuffer{Vector{UInt8}}
 
-AbstractIOBuffer{T<:AbstractVector{UInt8}}(data::T, readable::Bool, writable::Bool, seekable::Bool, append::Bool, maxsize::Int) =
+function AbstractIOBuffer(data::T, readable::Bool, writable::Bool, seekable::Bool, append::Bool,
+                          maxsize::Int) where T<:AbstractVector{UInt8}
     AbstractIOBuffer{T}(data, readable, writable, seekable, append, maxsize)
+end
 
 # allocate Vector{UInt8}s for IOBuffer storage that can efficiently become Strings
 StringVector(n::Integer) = Vector{UInt8}(_string_n(n))

base/linalg/arnoldi.jl

@@ -288,10 +288,10 @@ type SVDOperator{T<:BlasFloat,S} <: AbstractArray{T, 2}
     X::S
     m::Int
     n::Int
-    SVDOperator(X::AbstractMatrix) = new(X, size(X, 1), size(X, 2))
+    SVDOperator{T,S}(X::AbstractMatrix) where {T<:BlasFloat,S} = new(X, size(X, 1), size(X, 2))
 end
 
-function SVDOperator{T}(A::AbstractMatrix{T})
+function SVDOperator(A::AbstractMatrix{T}) where T
     Tnew = typeof(zero(T)/sqrt(one(T)))
     Anew = convert(AbstractMatrix{Tnew}, A)
     SVDOperator{Tnew,typeof(Anew)}(Anew)

base/linalg/bidiag.jl

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ type Bidiagonal{T} <: AbstractMatrix{T}
     dv::Vector{T} # diagonal
     ev::Vector{T} # sub/super diagonal
     isupper::Bool # is upper bidiagonal (true) or lower (false)
-    function Bidiagonal(dv::Vector{T}, ev::Vector{T}, isupper::Bool)
+    function Bidiagonal{T}(dv::Vector{T}, ev::Vector{T}, isupper::Bool) where T
         if length(ev) != length(dv)-1
             throw(DimensionMismatch("length of diagonal vector is $(length(dv)), length of off-diagonal vector is $(length(ev))"))
         end
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ julia> Bl = Bidiagonal(dv, ev, false) # ev is on the first subdiagonal
  ⋅  ⋅  9  4
 ```
 """
-Bidiagonal{T}(dv::AbstractVector{T}, ev::AbstractVector{T}, isupper::Bool) = Bidiagonal{T}(collect(dv), collect(ev), isupper)
+Bidiagonal(dv::AbstractVector{T}, ev::AbstractVector{T}, isupper::Bool) where T = Bidiagonal{T}(collect(dv), collect(ev), isupper)
 Bidiagonal(dv::AbstractVector, ev::AbstractVector) = throw(ArgumentError("did you want an upper or lower Bidiagonal? Try again with an additional true (upper) or false (lower) argument."))
 
 """
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Bidiagonal(dv::AbstractVector, ev::AbstractVector, uplo::Char) = begin
     end
     Bidiagonal(collect(dv), collect(ev), isupper)
 end
-function Bidiagonal{Td,Te}(dv::AbstractVector{Td}, ev::AbstractVector{Te}, isupper::Bool)
+function Bidiagonal(dv::AbstractVector{Td}, ev::AbstractVector{Te}, isupper::Bool) where {Td,Te}
     T = promote_type(Td,Te)
     Bidiagonal(convert(Vector{T}, dv), convert(Vector{T}, ev), isupper)
 end
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ full(A::Bidiagonal) = convert(Array, A)
 promote_rule{T,S}(::Type{Matrix{T}}, ::Type{Bidiagonal{S}})=Matrix{promote_type(T,S)}
 
 #Converting from Bidiagonal to Tridiagonal
-Tridiagonal{T}(M::Bidiagonal{T}) = convert(Tridiagonal{T}, M)
+Tridiagonal(M::Bidiagonal{T}) where T = convert(Tridiagonal{T}, M)
 function convert{T}(::Type{Tridiagonal{T}}, A::Bidiagonal)
     z = zeros(T, size(A)[1]-1)
     A.isupper ? Tridiagonal(z, convert(Vector{T},A.dv), convert(Vector{T},A.ev)) : Tridiagonal(convert(Vector{T},A.ev), convert(Vector{T},A.dv), z)

base/linalg/eigen.jl

@@ -4,17 +4,21 @@
 immutable Eigen{T,V,S<:AbstractMatrix,U<:AbstractVector} <: Factorization{T}
     values::U
     vectors::S
-    Eigen(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) = new(values, vectors)
+    Eigen{T,V,S,U}(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) where {T,V,S,U} =
+        new(values, vectors)
 end
-Eigen{T,V}(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) = Eigen{T,V,typeof(vectors),typeof(values)}(values, vectors)
+Eigen(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) where {T,V} =
+    Eigen{T,V,typeof(vectors),typeof(values)}(values, vectors)
 
 # Generalized eigenvalue problem.
 immutable GeneralizedEigen{T,V,S<:AbstractMatrix,U<:AbstractVector} <: Factorization{T}
     values::U
     vectors::S
-    GeneralizedEigen(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) = new(values, vectors)
+    GeneralizedEigen{T,V,S,U}(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) where {T,V,S,U} =
+        new(values, vectors)
 end
-GeneralizedEigen{T,V}(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) = GeneralizedEigen{T,V,typeof(vectors),typeof(values)}(values, vectors)
+GeneralizedEigen(values::AbstractVector{V}, vectors::AbstractMatrix{T}) where {T,V} =
+    GeneralizedEigen{T,V,typeof(vectors),typeof(values)}(values, vectors)
 
 
 function getindex(A::Union{Eigen,GeneralizedEigen}, d::Symbol)

base/linalg/hessenberg.jl

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 immutable Hessenberg{T,S<:AbstractMatrix} <: Factorization{T}
     factors::S
     τ::Vector{T}
-    Hessenberg(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = new(factors, τ)
+    Hessenberg{T,S}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where {T,S<:AbstractMatrix} =
+        new(factors, τ)
 end
-Hessenberg{T}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = Hessenberg{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
+Hessenberg(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where T = Hessenberg{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
 
 Hessenberg(A::StridedMatrix) = Hessenberg(LAPACK.gehrd!(A)...)
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ end
 immutable HessenbergQ{T,S<:AbstractMatrix} <: AbstractMatrix{T}
     factors::S
     τ::Vector{T}
-    HessenbergQ(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = new(factors, τ)
+    HessenbergQ{T,S}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where {T,S<:AbstractMatrix} = new(factors, τ)
 end
 HessenbergQ{T}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = HessenbergQ{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
 HessenbergQ(A::Hessenberg) = HessenbergQ(A.factors, A.τ)

base/linalg/lq.jl

@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@
 immutable LQ{T,S<:AbstractMatrix} <: Factorization{T}
     factors::S
     τ::Vector{T}
-    LQ(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = new(factors, τ)
+    LQ{T,S}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where {T,S<:AbstractMatrix} = new(factors, τ)
 end
 
 immutable LQPackedQ{T,S<:AbstractMatrix} <: AbstractMatrix{T}
     factors::Matrix{T}
     τ::Vector{T}
-    LQPackedQ(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = new(factors, τ)
+    LQPackedQ{T,S}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where {T,S<:AbstractMatrix} = new(factors, τ)
 end
 
-LQ{T}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = LQ{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
-LQPackedQ{T}(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) = LQPackedQ{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
+LQ(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where T = LQ{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
+LQPackedQ(factors::AbstractMatrix{T}, τ::Vector{T}) where T = LQPackedQ{T,typeof(factors)}(factors, τ)
 
 """
     lqfact!(A) -> LQ