Merge master into ws-support

README.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 <br />
 
 <div align="center">
-  <sub>Built with ❤️ by <a href="https://launchbadge.com">The LaunchBadge team</a></sub>
+  <small>Built with ❤️ by <a href="https://launchbadge.com">The LaunchBadge team</a></small>
 </div>
 
 <br />
@@ -59,20 +59,23 @@ SQLx is an async, pure Rust<sub>†</sub> SQL crate featuring compile-time check
 
 -   **Truly Asynchronous**. Built from the ground-up using async/await for maximum concurrency.
 
--   **Type-safe SQL** (if you want it) without DSLs. Use the `query!()` macro to check your SQL and bind parameters at
-    compile time. (You can still use dynamic SQL queries if you like.)
+-   **Compile-time checked queries** (if you want). See [SQLx is not an ORM](#sqlx-is-not-an-orm).
 
 -   **Database Agnostic**. Support for [PostgreSQL], [MySQL], [SQLite], and [MSSQL].
 
 -   **Pure Rust**. The Postgres and MySQL/MariaDB drivers are written in pure Rust using **zero** unsafe<sub>††</sub> code.
 
-*   **Runtime Agnostic**. Works on different runtimes ([async-std](https://crates.io/crates/async-std) / [tokio](https://crates.io/crates/tokio) / [actix](https://crates.io/crates/actix-rt)) and TLS backends ([native-tls](https://crates.io/crates/native-tls), [rustls](https://crates.io/crates/rustls)).
+-   **Runtime Agnostic**. Works on different runtimes ([`async-std`] / [`tokio`] / [`actix`]) and TLS backends ([`native-tls`], [`rustls`]).
 
-<sub><sup>† The SQLite driver uses the libsqlite3 C library as SQLite is an embedded database (the only way
-we could be pure Rust for SQLite is by porting _all_ of SQLite to Rust).</sup></sub>
+<small><small>
 
-<sub><sup>†† SQLx uses `#![forbid(unsafe_code)]` unless the `sqlite` feature is enabled. As the SQLite driver interacts
-with C, those interactions are `unsafe`.</sup></sub>
+† The SQLite driver uses the libsqlite3 C library as SQLite is an embedded database (the only way
+we could be pure Rust for SQLite is by porting _all_ of SQLite to Rust).
+
+†† SQLx uses `#![forbid(unsafe_code)]` unless the `sqlite` feature is enabled. As the SQLite driver interacts
+with C, those interactions are `unsafe`.
+
+</small></small>
 
 [postgresql]: http://postgresql.org/
 [sqlite]: https://sqlite.org/
@@ -108,6 +111,8 @@ SQLx is compatible with the [`async-std`], [`tokio`] and [`actix`] runtimes; and
 [`async-std`]: https://github.com/async-rs/async-std
 [`tokio`]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio
 [`actix`]: https://github.com/actix/actix-net
+[`native-tls`]: https://crates.io/crates/native-tls
+[`rustls`]: https://crates.io/crates/rustls
 
 ```toml
 # Cargo.toml
@@ -118,7 +123,7 @@ sqlx = { version = "0.5", features = [ "runtime-tokio-rustls" ] }
 sqlx = { version = "0.5", features = [ "runtime-async-std-native-tls" ] }
 ```
 
-<sub><sup>The runtime and TLS backend not being separate feature sets to select is a workaround for a [Cargo issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/3494).</sup></sub>
+<small><small>The runtime and TLS backend not being separate feature sets to select is a workaround for a [Cargo issue](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/3494).</small></small>
 
 #### Cargo Feature Flags
 
@@ -168,6 +173,24 @@ sqlx = { version = "0.5", features = [ "runtime-async-std-native-tls" ] }
 
 -   `tls`: Add support for TLS connections.
 
+## SQLx is not an ORM!
+
+SQLx supports **compile-time checked queries**. It does not, however, do this by providing a Rust
+API or DSL (domain-specific language) for building queries. Instead, it provides macros that take
+regular SQL as an input and ensure that it is valid for your database. The way this works is that
+SQLx connects to your development DB at compile time to have the database itself verify (and return
+some info on) your SQL queries. This has some potentially surprising implications:
+
+- Since SQLx never has to parse the SQL string itself, any syntax that the development DB accepts
+  can be used (including things added by database extensions)
+- Due to the different amount of information databases let you retrieve about queries, the extent of
+  SQL verification you get from the query macros depends on the database
+
+**If you are looking for an (asynchronous) ORM,** you can check out [`ormx`], which is built on top
+of SQLx.
+
+[`ormx`]: https://crates.io/crates/ormx
+
 ## Usage
 
 ### Quickstart
@@ -336,8 +359,8 @@ Differences from `query()`:
     ```
 
 The biggest downside to `query!()` is that the output type cannot be named (due to Rust not
-officially supporting anonymous records). To address that, there is a `query_as!()` macro that is identical
-except that you can name the output type.
+officially supporting anonymous records). To address that, there is a `query_as!()` macro that is 
+mostly identical except that you can name the output type.
 
 ```rust
 // no traits are needed
@@ -359,6 +382,11 @@ WHERE organization = ?
 // countries[0].count
 ```
 
+To avoid the need of having a development database around to compile the project even when no
+modifications (to the database-accessing parts of the code) are done, you can enable "offline mode"
+to cache the results of the SQL query analysis using the `sqlx` command-line tool. See
+[sqlx-cli/README.md](./sqlx-cli/README.md#enable-building-in-offline-mode-with-query).
+
 ## Safety
 
 This crate uses `#![forbid(unsafe_code)]` to ensure everything is implemented in 100% Safe Rust.

sqlx-cli/README.md

@@ -49,28 +49,32 @@ $ sqlx migrate run
 Compares the migration history of the running database against the `migrations/` folder and runs
 any scripts that are still pending.
 
-#### Enable building in "offline" mode with `query!()`
+#### Enable building in "offline mode" with `query!()`
 
 Note: must be run as `cargo sqlx`.
 
 ```bash
 cargo sqlx prepare
 ```
-Saves query data to `sqlx-data.json` in the current directory; check this file into version control
-and an active database connection will no longer be needed to build your project.
 
-Has no effect unless the `offline` feature of `sqlx` is enabled in your project. Omitting that feature is the most likely cause if you get a `sqlx-data.json` file that looks like this:
+Saves query metadata to `sqlx-data.json` in the current directory; check this file into version
+control and an active database connection will no longer be needed to build your project.
+
+Has no effect unless the `offline` feature of `sqlx` is enabled in your project. Omitting that
+feature is the most likely cause if you get a `sqlx-data.json` file that looks like this:
 
 ```json
 {
     "database": "PostgreSQL"
 }
 ```
 
-----
+---
+
 ```bash
 cargo sqlx prepare --check
 ```
+
 Exits with a nonzero exit status if the data in `sqlx-data.json` is out of date with the current
 database schema and queries in the project. Intended for use in Continuous Integration.
 
@@ -79,3 +83,6 @@ database schema and queries in the project. Intended for use in Continuous Integ
 To make sure an accidentally-present `DATABASE_URL` environment variable or `.env` file does not
 result in `cargo build` (trying to) access the database, you can set the `SQLX_OFFLINE` environment
 variable to `true`.
+
+If you want to make this the default, just add it to your `.env` file. `cargo sqlx prepare` will
+still do the right thing and connect to the database.

sqlx-macros/src/query/args.rs

@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ pub fn quote_args<DB: DatabaseExt>(
                             use ::sqlx::ty_match::{WrapSameExt as _, MatchBorrowExt as _};
 
                             // evaluate the expression only once in case it contains moves
-                            let _expr = ::sqlx::ty_match::dupe_value(#name);
+                            let expr = ::sqlx::ty_match::dupe_value(#name);
 
-                            // if `_expr` is `Option<T>`, get `Option<$ty>`, otherwise `$ty`
-                            let ty_check = ::sqlx::ty_match::WrapSame::<#param_ty, _>::new(&_expr).wrap_same();
+                            // if `expr` is `Option<T>`, get `Option<$ty>`, otherwise `$ty`
+                            let ty_check = ::sqlx::ty_match::WrapSame::<#param_ty, _>::new(&expr).wrap_same();
 
-                            // if `_expr` is `&str`, convert `String` to `&str`
-                            let (mut _ty_check, match_borrow) = ::sqlx::ty_match::MatchBorrow::new(ty_check, &_expr);
+                            // if `expr` is `&str`, convert `String` to `&str`
+                            let (mut _ty_check, match_borrow) = ::sqlx::ty_match::MatchBorrow::new(ty_check, &expr);
 
                             _ty_check = match_borrow.match_borrow();