Use annotations instead of labels on created k8s resources

integration/render_test.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ spec:
 			expectedOut: `apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
-  labels:
+  annotations:
     skaffold.dev/deployer: kubectl
   name: my-pod-123
   namespace: default
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ spec:
 			expectedOut: `apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
-  labels:
+  annotations:
     skaffold.dev/deployer: kubectl
   name: my-pod-123
   namespace: default
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ spec:
 			expectedOut: `apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
-  labels:
+  annotations:
     skaffold.dev/deployer: kubectl
   name: my-pod-123
   namespace: default
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ spec:
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
-  labels:
+  annotations:
     skaffold.dev/deployer: kubectl
   name: my-pod-456
   namespace: default

pkg/skaffold/build/build.go

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ type Artifact struct {
 type Builder interface {
 	Labels() map[string]string
 
+	Annotations() map[string]string
+
 	Build(ctx context.Context, out io.Writer, tags tag.ImageTags, artifacts []*latest.Artifact) ([]Artifact, error)
 
 	// Prune removes images built with Skaffold

pkg/skaffold/build/cluster/types.go

@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ func NewBuilder(runCtx *runcontext.RunContext) (*Builder, error) {
 
 // Labels are labels specific to cluster builder.
 func (b *Builder) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.Builder: "cluster",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/cluster/types_test.go

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ func TestNewBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLabels(t *testing.T) {
-	testutil.CheckDeepEqual(t, map[string]string{"skaffold.dev/builder": "cluster"}, (&Builder{}).Labels())
+	testutil.CheckDeepEqual(t, map[string]string{}, (&Builder{}).Labels())
+	testutil.CheckDeepEqual(t, map[string]string{"skaffold.dev/builder": "cluster"}, (&Builder{}).Annotations())
 }
 
 func TestPruneIsNoop(t *testing.T) {

pkg/skaffold/build/gcb/types.go

@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ func NewBuilder(runCtx *runcontext.RunContext) *Builder {
 
 // Labels are labels specific to Google Cloud Build.
 func (b *Builder) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.Builder: "google-cloud-build",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/local/types.go

@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ func (b *Builder) PushImages() bool {
 
 // Labels are labels specific to local builder.
 func (b *Builder) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (b *Builder) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	labels := map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.Builder: "local",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/tag/custom.go

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ type CustomTag struct {
 }
 
 func (c *CustomTag) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (c *CustomTag) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.TagPolicy: "custom",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/tag/date_time.go

@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ func NewDateTimeTagger(format, timezone string) Tagger {
 	}
 }
 
-func (tagger *dateTimeTagger) Labels() map[string]string {
+func (t *dateTimeTagger) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (t *dateTimeTagger) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.TagPolicy: "dateTimeTagger",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/tag/env_template.go

@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ func NewEnvTemplateTagger(t string) (Tagger, error) {
 }
 
 func (t *envTemplateTagger) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (t *envTemplateTagger) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.TagPolicy: "envTemplateTagger",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/tag/git_commit.go

@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ func NewGitCommit(prefix, variant string) (*GitCommit, error) {
 
 // Labels are labels specific to the git tagger.
 func (c *GitCommit) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+// Labels are labels specific to the git tagger.
+func (c *GitCommit) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.TagPolicy: "git-commit",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/tag/sha256.go

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ type ChecksumTagger struct{}
 
 // Labels are labels specific to the sha256 tagger.
 func (c *ChecksumTagger) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+// Labels are labels specific to the sha256 tagger.
+func (c *ChecksumTagger) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.TagPolicy: "sha256",
 	}

pkg/skaffold/build/tag/tag.go

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ type Tagger interface {
 	// Labels produces labels to indicate the used tagger in deployed pods.
 	Labels() map[string]string
 
+	Annotations() map[string]string
+
 	// GenerateFullyQualifiedImageName resolves the fully qualified image name for an artifact.
 	// The workingDir is the root directory of the artifact with respect to the Skaffold root,
 	// and imageName is the base name of the image.

pkg/skaffold/deploy/helm.go

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ func NewHelmDeployer(runCtx *runcontext.RunContext) *HelmDeployer {
 
 // Labels returns the Kubernetes labels used by this deployer
 func (h *HelmDeployer) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (h *HelmDeployer) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.Deployer: "helm",
 	}
@@ -143,8 +147,8 @@ func (h *HelmDeployer) Deploy(ctx context.Context, out io.Writer, builds []build
 
 	event.DeployComplete()
 
-	labels := merge(h.addSkaffoldLabels, h, labellers...)
-	labelDeployResults(labels, dRes)
+	labels, annotations := merge(h.addSkaffoldLabels, h, labellers...)
+	labelAndAnnotateDeployResults(labels, annotations, dRes)
 
 	// Collect namespaces in a string
 	namespaces := make([]string, 0, len(nsMap))

pkg/skaffold/deploy/kubectl.go

@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ func NewKubectlDeployer(runCtx *runcontext.RunContext) *KubectlDeployer {
 }
 
 func (k *KubectlDeployer) Labels() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{}
+}
+
+func (k *KubectlDeployer) Annotations() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
 		constants.Labels.Deployer: "kubectl",
 	}
@@ -298,7 +302,7 @@ func (k *KubectlDeployer) renderManifests(ctx context.Context, out io.Writer, bu
 		}
 	}
 
-	manifests, err = manifests.SetLabels(merge(k.addSkaffoldLabels, k, labellers...))
+	manifests, err = manifests.SetLabelsAndAnnotations(merge(k.addSkaffoldLabels, k, labellers...))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("setting labels in manifests: %w", err)
 	}

pkg/skaffold/deploy/kubectl/labels.go

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 // SetLabels add labels to a list of Kubernetes manifests.
-func (l *ManifestList) SetLabels(labels map[string]string) (ManifestList, error) {
-	replacer := newLabelsSetter(labels)
+func (l *ManifestList) SetLabelsAndAnnotations(labels, annotations map[string]string) (ManifestList, error) {
+	replacer := newLabelsAndAnnotationsSetter(labels, annotations)
 
 	updated, err := l.Visit(replacer)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -36,45 +36,54 @@ func (l *ManifestList) SetLabels(labels map[string]string) (ManifestList, error)
 	return updated, nil
 }
 
-type labelsSetter struct {
-	labels map[string]string
+type labelsAndAnnotationsSetter struct {
+	labels      map[string]string
+	annotations map[string]string
 }
 
-func newLabelsSetter(labels map[string]string) *labelsSetter {
-	return &labelsSetter{
-		labels: labels,
+func newLabelsAndAnnotationsSetter(labels, annotations map[string]string) *labelsAndAnnotationsSetter {
+	return &labelsAndAnnotationsSetter{
+		labels:      labels,
+		annotations: annotations,
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *labelsSetter) Visit(o map[string]interface{}, k string, v interface{}) bool {
+func (r *labelsAndAnnotationsSetter) Visit(o map[string]interface{}, k string, v interface{}) bool {
 	if k != "metadata" {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	if len(r.labels) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
 	metadata, ok := v.(map[string]interface{})
 	if !ok {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	l, present := metadata["labels"]
+	if visitAndReplace("labels", r.labels, &metadata) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return visitAndReplace("annotations", r.annotations, &metadata)
+}
+
+func visitAndReplace(fieldName string, values map[string]string, metadata *map[string]interface{}) bool {
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	field, present := (*metadata)[fieldName]
 	if !present {
-		metadata["labels"] = r.labels
+		(*metadata)[fieldName] = values
 		return false
 	}
 
-	labels, ok := l.(map[string]interface{})
+	existingValues, ok := field.(map[string]interface{})
 	if !ok {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	for k, v := range r.labels {
-		// Don't replace existing label.
-		if _, present := labels[k]; !present {
-			labels[k] = v
+	for k, v := range values {
+		// Don't overwrite existing values
+		if _, present := existingValues[k]; !present {
+			existingValues[k] = v
 		}
 	}