Add Cloud SQL MySQL connectivity samples for SQLAlchemy.

cloud-sql/mysql/sqlalchemy/README.md

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+# Connecting to Cloud SQL - MySQL
+
+## Before you begin
+
+1. If you haven't already, set up a Python Development Environment by following the [python setup guide](https://cloud.google.com/python/setup) and 
+[create a project](https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#creating_a_project).
+
+1. Create a 2nd Gen Cloud SQL Instance by following these 
+[instructions](https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/create-instance). Note the connection string,
+database user, and database password that you create.
+
+1. Create a database for your application by following these 
+[instructions](https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/create-manage-databases). Note the database
+name. 
+
+1. Create a service account with the 'Cloud SQL Client' permissions by following these 
+[instructions](https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/connect-external-app#4_if_required_by_your_authentication_method_create_a_service_account).
+Download a JSON key to use to authenticate your connection. 
+
+1. Use the information noted in the previous steps:
+```bash
+export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/path/to/service/account/key.json
+export CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME='<MY-PROJECT>:<INSTANCE-REGION>:<MY-DATABASE>'
+export DB_USER='my-db-user'
+export DB_PASS='my-db-pass'
+export DB_NAME='my_db'
+```
+Note: Saving credentials in environment variables is convenient, but not secure - consider a more
+secure solution such as [Cloud KMS](https://cloud.google.com/kms/) to help keep secrets safe.
+
+## Running locally
+
+To run this application locally, download and install the `cloud_sql_proxy` by
+following the instructions [here](https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/sql-proxy#install).
+
+Once the proxy is ready, use the following command to start the proxy in the
+background:
+```bash
+./cloud_sql_proxy -dir=/cloudsql --instances=$CLOUD_SQL_CONNECTION_NAME --credential_file=$GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS
+```
+Note: Make sure to run the command under a user with write access in the 
+`/cloudsql` directory. This proxy will use this folder to create a unix socket
+the application will use to connect to Cloud SQL. 
+
+Next, setup install the requirements into a virtual enviroment:
+```bash
+virtualenv --python python3 env
+source env/bin/activate
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+Finally, start the application:
+```bash
+python main.py
+```
+
+Navigate towards `http://127.0.0.1:8080` to verify your application is running correctly.
+
+## Google App Engine Standard
+
+To run on GAE-Standard, create an App Engine project by following the setup for these 
+[instructions](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python3/quickstart#before-you-begin).
+
+First, update `app.yaml` with the correct values to pass the environment 
+variables into the runtime.
+
+Next, the following command will deploy the application to your Google Cloud project:
+```bash
+gcloud app deploy
+```

cloud-sql/mysql/sqlalchemy/app.yaml

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+# Copyright 2018 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+runtime: python37
+
+# Remember - storing secrets in plaintext is potentially unsafe. Consider using
+# something like https://cloud.google.com/kms/ to help keep secrets secret.
+env_variables:
+  CLOUD_SQL_INSTANCE_NAME: <MY-PROJECT>:<INSTANCE-REGION>:<MY-DATABASE>
+  DB_USER: my-db-user
+  DB_PASS: my-db-pass
+  DB_NAME: my_db

cloud-sql/mysql/sqlalchemy/main.py

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+# Copyright 2018 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+
+from flask import Flask, render_template, request, Response
+import sqlalchemy
+
+
+# Remember - storing secrets in plaintext is potentially unsafe. Consider using
+# something like https://cloud.google.com/kms/ to help keep secrets secret.
+db_user = os.environ.get("DB_USER")
+db_pass = os.environ.get("DB_PASS")
+db_name = os.environ.get("DB_NAME")
+cloud_sql_instance_name = os.environ.get("CLOUD_SQL_INSTANCE_NAME")
+
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger()
+
+# [START cloud_sql_mysql_connection_pool]
+# The SQLAlchemy engine will help manage interactions, including automatically
+# managing a pool of connections to your database
+db = sqlalchemy.create_engine(
+    # Equivalent URL:
+    # mysql+pymysql://<db_user>:<db_pass>@/<db_name>?unix_socket=/cloudsql/<cloud_sql_instance_name>
+    sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL(
+        drivername='mysql+pymysql',
+        username=db_user,
+        password=db_pass,
+        database=db_name,
+        query={
+            'unix_socket': '/cloudsql/{}'.format(cloud_sql_instance_name)
+        }
+    ),
+    # ... Specify additional properties here.
+    # [START_EXCLUDE]
+
+    # [START cloud_sql_mysql_limit_connections]
+    # Pool size is the maximum number of permanent connections to keep.
+    pool_size=5,
+    # Temporarily exceeds the set pool_size if no connections are available.
+    max_overflow=2,
+    # The total number of concurrent connections for your application will be
+    # a total of pool_size and max_overflow.
+    # [END cloud_sql_mysql_limit_connections]
+
+    # [START cloud_sql_mysql_connection_backoff]
+    # SQLAlchemy automatically uses delays between failed connection attempts,
+    # but provides no arguments for configuration.
+    # [END cloud_sql_mysql_connection_backoff]
+
+    # [START cloud_sql_mysql_connection_timeout]
+    # 'pool_timeout' is the maximum number of seconds to wait when retrieving a
+    # new connection from the pool. After the specified amount of time, an
+    # exception will be thrown.
+    pool_timeout=30,  # 30 seconds
+    # [END cloud_sql_mysql_connection_timeout]
+
+    # [START cloud_sql_mysql_connection_lifetime]
+    # 'pool_recycle' is the maximum number of seconds a connection can persist.
+    # Connections that live longer than the specified amount of time will be
+    # reestablished
+    pool_recycle=1800,  # 30 minutes
+    # [END cloud_sql_mysql_connection_lifetime]
+
+    # [END_EXCLUDE]
+)
+# [END cloud_sql_mysql_connection_pool]
+
+
+@app.before_first_request
+def create_tables():
+    # Create tables (if they don't already exist)
+    with db.connect() as conn:
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS votes "
+            "( vote_id SERIAL NOT NULL, time_cast timestamp NOT NULL, "
+            "candidate CHAR(6) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (vote_id) );"
+        )
+
+
+@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
+def index():
+    votes = []
+    with db.connect() as conn:
+        # Execute the query and fetch all results
+        recent_votes = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT candidate, time_cast FROM votes "
+            "ORDER BY time_cast DESC LIMIT 5"
+        ).fetchall()
+        # Convert the results into a list of dicts representing votes
+        for row in recent_votes:
+            votes.append({
+                'candidate': row[0],
+                'time_cast': row[1]
+            })
+
+        stmt = sqlalchemy.text(
+            "SELECT COUNT(vote_id) FROM votes WHERE candidate=:candidate")
+        # Count number of votes for tabs
+        tab_result = conn.execute(stmt, candidate="TABS").fetchone()
+        tab_count = tab_result[0]
+        # Count number of votes for spaces
+        space_result = conn.execute(stmt, candidate="SPACES").fetchone()
+        space_count = space_result[0]
+
+    return render_template(
+        'index.html',
+        recent_votes=votes,
+        tab_count=tab_count,
+        space_count=space_count
+    )
+
+
+@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
+def save_vote():
+    # Get the team and time the vote was cast.
+    team = request.form['team']
+    time_cast = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+    # Verify that the team is one of the allowed options
+    if team != "TABS" and team != "SPACES":
+        logger.warning(team)
+        return Response(
+            response="Invalid team specified.",
+            status=400
+        )
+
+    # [START cloud_sql_mysql_example_statement]
+    # Preparing a statement before hand can help protect against injections.
+    stmt = sqlalchemy.text(
+        "INSERT INTO votes (time_cast, candidate)"
+        " VALUES (:time_cast, :candidate)"
+    )
+    try:
+        # Using a with statement ensures that the connection is always released
+        # back into the pool at the end of statement (even if an error occurs)
+        with db.connect() as conn:
+            conn.execute(stmt, time_cast=time_cast, candidate=team)
+    except Exception as e:
+        # If something goes wrong, handle the error in this section. This might
+        # involve retrying or adjusting parameters depending on the situation.
+        # [START_EXCLUDE]
+        logger.exception(e)
+        return Response(
+            status=500,
+            response="Unable to successfully cast vote! Please check the "
+                     "application logs for more details."
+        )
+        # [END_EXCLUDE]
+    # [END cloud_sql_mysql_example_statement]
+
+    return Response(
+        status=200,
+        response="Vote successfully cast for '{}' at time {}!".format(
+            team, time_cast)
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, debug=True)

cloud-sql/mysql/sqlalchemy/requirements.txt

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+Flask==1.0.2
+SQLAlchemy==1.2.13
+PyMySQL==0.9.2

cloud-sql/mysql/sqlalchemy/templates/index.html

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+<!--
+Copyright 2018 Google LLC
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <title>Tabs VS Spaces</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet"
+          href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/materialize/1.0.0/css/materialize.min.css">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
+    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/materialize/1.0.0/js/materialize.min.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav class="red lighten-1">
+    <div class="nav-wrapper">
+        <a href="#" class="brand-logo center">Tabs VS Spaces</a>
+    </div>
+</nav>
+<div class="section">
+    <div class="center">
+        <h4>
+            {% if tab_count == space_count %}
+                TABS and SPACES are evenly matched!
+            {% elif tab_count > space_count %}
+                TABS are winning by {{tab_count - space_count}}
+                {{'votes' if tab_count - space_count > 1 else 'vote'}}!
+            {% elif space_count > tab_count %}
+                SPACES are winning by {{space_count - tab_count}}
+                {{'votes' if space_count - tab_count > 1 else 'vote'}}!
+            {% endif %}
+        </h4>
+    </div>
+    <div class="row center">
+        <div class="col s6 m5 offset-m1">
+            <div class="card-panel {{'green lighten-3' if tab_count > space_count}}">
+                <i class="material-icons large">keyboard_tab</i>
+                <h3>{{tab_count}} votes</h3>
+                <button id="voteTabs" class="btn green">Vote for TABS</button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="col s6 m5">
+            <div class="card-panel {{'blue lighten-3' if tab_count < space_count}}">
+                <i class="material-icons large">space_bar</i>
+                <h3>{{space_count}} votes</h3>
+                <button id="voteSpaces" class="btn blue">Vote for SPACES</button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4 class="header center">Recent Votes</h4>
+    <ul class="container collection center">
+        {% for vote in recent_votes %}
+            <li class="collection-item avatar">
+                {% if vote.candidate == "TABS" %}
+                    <i class="material-icons circle green">keyboard_tab</i>
+                {% elif vote.candidate == "SPACES" %}
+                    <i class="material-icons circle blue">space_bar</i>
+                {% endif %}
+                <span class="title">
+                    A vote for <b>{{vote.candidate}}</b>
+                </span>
+                <p>was cast at {{vote.time_cast}}</p>
+            </li>
+        {% endfor %}
+    </ul>
+</div>
+<script>
+    function vote(team) {
+        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+        xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
+            if (this.readyState == 4) {
+                if (!window.alert(this.responseText)) {
+                    window.location.reload();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        xhr.open("POST", "/", true);
+        xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+        xhr.send("team=" + team);
+    }
+
+    document.getElementById("voteTabs").addEventListener("click", function () {
+        vote("TABS");
+    });
+    document.getElementById("voteSpaces").addEventListener("click", function () {
+        vote("SPACES");
+    });
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>