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---
title: "Understanding the Power of Rust’s Standard Library: Exploring the 'cell' Module"
date: 2023-09-18T01:26:16.640Z
tags: ["rust","programming","advanced concepts"]
authors: ["gpt-4"]
---


## Introduction

One of the core principles in Rust's design is ensuring safety through static, compile-time checks, particularly with mutable references. However, real-world problems sometimes require mutable state in certain contexts, and although Rust allows mutable borrow via `&mut T`, there are restrictions that come with it, such as the rule that we can’t have a mutable reference while we have an outstanding shared reference. To help with that, Rust's standard library offers special types for providing interior mutability, encapsulated within the `std::cell` module. This post explores patterns to leverage Rust's `cell` module, specifically the `RefCell` and `Cell` types.

## Cell & RefCell

The `std::cell::Cell` and `std::cell::RefCell` types represent single ownership over the data they contain, giving ability to mutate the value they contain, even when the type is not marked as mutable.

```rust
use std::cell::Cell;

let x = Cell::new(1);
let y = &x;
let z = &x;
x.set(2);
println!("{}", x.get()); // prints: 2
```

In this code snippet, `x` can be updated even though `y` and `z` are referring to it.

`RefCell`, on the other hand, employs run-time borrowing rules check as opposed to compile-time. It makes use of `std::cell::Ref` and `std::cell::RefMut` to represent shared and exclusive references and provides the `borrow()` and `borrow_mut()` methods to acquire them.

```rust
use std::cell::RefCell;

let x = RefCell::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4]);
{
println!("{:?}", *x.borrow()); // prints: [1, 2, 3, 4]

let mut y = x.borrow_mut();
y.push(5);
}
println!("{:?}", *x.borrow()); // prints: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
```

In this snippet, `x` is first borrowed immutably, then mutably within a different scope, allowing list modification.

## When to use Cell & RefCell

`std::cell::Cell` is used when we want to alter some internal state that isn't visible from outside the type.

`std::cell::RefCell` is used when we want the ability to have multiple references to an object and the flexibility to mutate it.

In essence, both allow Rust’s borrowing rules to be subverted for complex situations, while still upholding the guarantees that make Rust safe.

## Conclusion

By exploring the `std::cell` module, specifically the `Cell` and `RefCell` types, we've seen how Rust provides mechanisms to manage mutable state while still adhering to principles of safety. In future posts, we'll delve deeper into techniques that employ these dynamic ways of handling mutability.
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"content": "New topics for blog posts should be based off of the technical skills, experience, and interests presented in the following resume:\n+++\ntitle = \"Résumé\"\ndescription = \"Derek Cuevas' Résumé\"\ndate = \"2023-06-11\"\nor = \"Derek Cuevas\"\n+++\n\n# Derek Cuevas\n\n[GitHub](https://github.com/derekcuevas) (contact email in bio) \n\n---\n\n## Summary\n\nSenior Software Engineer with 8 years of professional experience, specializing in systems software engineering and low-latency, real-time product development.\n\nExperienced in leading teams and delivering Emmy award-winning projects. Passionate about functional programming and building high performance real-time systems. Skilled in a variety of programming languages and technologies with expertise in [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) and [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/).\n\n---\n\n## Programming Languages\n\n- **Proficient:** Rust, TypeScript (& JavaScript), Clojure, Elm\n- **Experienced:** Swift, Elixir, Objective-C, SQL\n\n---\n\n## Technologies, Skills, and Interests\n\n- **Rust:** Tokio, Futures, Hyper, Actix, Warp\n- **Platforms and Services:** AWS, Docker, PostgreSQL, Redis, Apache Pulsar, RabbitMQ, Prometheus, GitLab CI/CD, Node.js, Deno, HTML & CSS\n- **Tooling:** Git, Vim, Bash\n- **Frameworks:** React, React Native, Redux, RxJs, SwiftUI, Phoenix\n- **Protocols:** HTTP, GraphQL, WebSockets, ØMQ, Pub/Sub, JSON, MessagePack, Protobuf, FlatBuffers\n- **Paradigms:** Functional Programming, Real-time Systems\n\n---\n\n## Professional Experience\n\n### Senior Software Engineer II (Lead), Second Spectrum (acquired by Genius Sports)\n(*January 2021 - Current*)\n\n[https://geniussports.com/](https://geniussports.com/)\n\n- Technical lead for the \"Real-time Augmentation Engine\" project's system team, developing low-latency and real-time augmented reality experiences for live TV broadcasters of sporting events.\n- Led the development and integration of core systems using `Rust`, `Tokio`, `MPSC channels`, `FFmpeg`, and `Pulsar`.\n- Oversaw operational management and monitoring systems, release management, simulation systems, and data ingestion/export pipelines.\n- Optimized the overall pipeline for 60fps real-time rendering over high definition broadcast feeds.\n- Key contributor to projects recognized with multiple Emmy awards, including the prestigious [George Wensel Technical Achievement Award](https://geniussports.com/customer-stories/cbs-and-genius-win-sports-emmy-for-romovision/) and Amazon's [Outstanding Interactive Experience](https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/entertainment/thursday-night-football-on-prime-video-wins-sports-emmy-award) at the `Sports Emmys`.\n\n### Senior Software Engineer I (Lead), Second Spectrum\n(*January 2019 - January 2021*)\n\n[https://www.secondspectrum.com/](https://www.secondspectrum.com/)\n\n- Led a team in designing and developing the company's first `GraphQL` service serving as a unified gateway for various microservices. Built upon the `Apollo` server framework leveraging `Node.js`, `TypeScript`, `PostgreSQL`, and `Redis` for caching and pub/sub.\n- Developed a dashboard built with `Three.js` for visualizing 3D player tracking datasets and highlighting data discrepancies.\n- Created a prototype `iOS` application for video highlights using `Swift`, `SwiftUI`, and the `Combine` framework.\n- Mentored interns and fellow engineers, fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing.\n\n### Software Engineer, Second Spectrum\n(*August 2016 - January 2019*)\n\n[https://www.secondspectrum.com/](https://www.secondspectrum.com/)\n\n- Developed the operational and quality assurance management application for the company's optical player tracking system. Stack included `Elixir` (with the `Phoenix` framework), `React`, and heavy use of `WebSockets` to sync and display corrections to operators in near real-time.\n- Improved operator efficiency by 100% through the implementation of an automated task selection system.\n- Led the development of the LA Clipper's live streaming web and mobile application \"Clippers CourtVision\". Stack included `Elm` for the web front-end and `React Native` for the mobile app.\n\n### Software Engineer Intern, MindGraph Medical\n(*September 2015 - January 2016*)\n\n- Designed, developed, and deployed the MindGraph Medical website using `Node.js`, `jQuery`, and `Bootstrap`.\n\n---\n\n## Education\n\n**B.S. Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego**\n\n(*Class of 2016*)\n\n- [Advanced Certificate in Web and Mobile Applications Development](https://cs.sdsu.edu/about/)\n\n---\n\n## Personal Projects\n\n- [FYGT](https://github.com/DerekCuevas/derekcuevas.github.io): An experimental blog built with `Hugo`, `Deno`, and `ChatGPT`.\n- [Advent of Code 2022](https://github.com/DerekCuevas/advent-of-code-2022): Solutions to Advent of Code programming problems using functional approaches in `Clojure`.\n- [Interview Cake Algorithms Problem Set](https://github.com/DerekCuevas/interview-cake-clj): Solutions to the interview cake programming problems also by exploring functional approaches in `Clojure`.\n- [Friend List](https://github.com/DerekCuevas/friend-list): A non-trivial programming challenge exploring asynchronous side effects with different programming patterns.\n- [Redux Meta Reducer](https://github.com/DerekCuevas/redux-meta-reducer): A `Redux` higher-order reducer for simplifying the state of fetched data.\n- [Avowal](https://github.com/DerekCuevas/avowal): An asynchronous form validation library for `JavaScript`.\n"
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"content": "# Understanding the Power of Rust’s Standard Library: Exploring the 'cell' Module\n\nTags: Rust, Programming, Advanced Concepts\n\n## Introduction\n\nOne of the core principles in Rust's design is ensuring safety through static, compile-time checks, particularly with mutable references. However, real-world problems sometimes require mutable state in certain contexts, and although Rust allows mutable borrow via `&mut T`, there are restrictions that come with it, such as the rule that we can’t have a mutable reference while we have an outstanding shared reference. To help with that, Rust's standard library offers special types for providing interior mutability, encapsulated within the `std::cell` module. This post explores patterns to leverage Rust's `cell` module, specifically the `RefCell` and `Cell` types.\n\n## Cell & RefCell\n\nThe `std::cell::Cell` and `std::cell::RefCell` types represent single ownership over the data they contain, giving ability to mutate the value they contain, even when the type is not marked as mutable. \n\n```rust\nuse std::cell::Cell;\n\nlet x = Cell::new(1);\nlet y = &x;\nlet z = &x;\nx.set(2);\nprintln!(\"{}\", x.get()); // prints: 2\n```\n\nIn this code snippet, `x` can be updated even though `y` and `z` are referring to it. \n\n`RefCell`, on the other hand, employs run-time borrowing rules check as opposed to compile-time. It makes use of `std::cell::Ref` and `std::cell::RefMut` to represent shared and exclusive references and provides the `borrow()` and `borrow_mut()` methods to acquire them.\n\n```rust\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\nlet x = RefCell::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4]);\n{\n println!(\"{:?}\", *x.borrow()); // prints: [1, 2, 3, 4]\n\n let mut y = x.borrow_mut();\n y.push(5);\n}\nprintln!(\"{:?}\", *x.borrow()); // prints: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n```\n\nIn this snippet, `x` is first borrowed immutably, then mutably within a different scope, allowing list modification.\n\n## When to use Cell & RefCell\n\n`std::cell::Cell` is used when we want to alter some internal state that isn't visible from outside the type. \n\n`std::cell::RefCell` is used when we want the ability to have multiple references to an object and the flexibility to mutate it. \n\nIn essence, both allow Rust’s borrowing rules to be subverted for complex situations, while still upholding the guarantees that make Rust safe.\n\n## Conclusion\n\nBy exploring the `std::cell` module, specifically the `Cell` and `RefCell` types, we've seen how Rust provides mechanisms to manage mutable state while still adhering to principles of safety. In future posts, we'll delve deeper into techniques that employ these dynamic ways of handling mutability."
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14 changes: 13 additions & 1 deletion site/data/manifest.json
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