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<title>Artificial Intelligence Models for the Dark Universe</title>
<description><span>The dark universe contains matter and energy unidentifiable with current physical models, accounting for 95% of all the matter and energetic equivalent in the universe. The enormous surplus brings up daunting enigmas, such as the cosmological constant problem and the apparent distortions in the dynamics of deep space, and so coming to grips with the invisible universe has become a scientific imperative.This book addresses this need, reckoning that no cogent physical model of the dark universe can be implemented without first addressing the metaphysical hurdles along the way. The foremost problem is identifying the topology of the universe which, as argued in the book, is highly relevant to unveil the secrets of the dark universe.Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a valuable tool in this effort since it can reconcile conflicting data from deep space with the extant laws of physics by building models to decipher the dark universe. This book explores the applications of AI and how it can be used to embark on a metaphysical quest to identify the topology of the universe as a prerequisite to implement a physical model of the dark sector that enables a meaningful extrapolation into the visibile sector.The book is intended for a broad readership, but a background in college-level physics and computer science is essential. The book will be a valuable guide for graduate students as well as researchers in physics, astrophysics, and computer science focusing on AI applications&nbsp;to elucidate&nbsp;the nature of the dark universe.Key Features:·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Provides readers with an intellectual toolbox to understand physical arguments on dark matter and energy.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Up to date with the latest cutting-edge research.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Authored by an expert on artificial intelligence and mathematical physics.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808081</link>
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<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:51:04 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Ariel Fernández</author>
</item>
<item>
<title>Measurement of higgs boson production in ZH channel with z ll and h WW decay using run ll CMS data at LHC</title>
<description><span>The thesis presents the measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson and cross-section is measured in terms of signal strength modifier and signal significance. The events where the Higgs decays to a pair of W bosons are considered. These measurements have been performed using the LHC data from pp collisions, collected by CMS during Run-II (2016-2018) at and#8730;s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb-1. The multivariate Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) discriminant is used to differentiate the signal and background in the signal region. The combined measurement is also presented which includes other vector boson associated production modes of the Higgs boson.newline</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788429</link>
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<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 06:14:52 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Amandeep Kaur (Panjab U.)</author>
<category>Associated Z Boson</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>GEM</category>
<category>Higgs Boson</category>
<category>LHC</category>
<category>p p: colliding beams</category>
<category>cross section: ratio: measured</category>
<category>vector boson: associated production</category>
<category>Higgs particle: hadroproduction</category>
<category>Higgs particle: decay modes</category>
<category>W: pair production</category>
<category>p p: scattering</category>
<category>Z0: associated production</category>
<category>Z0: leptonic decay</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>gas electron multiplier</category>
<category>background</category>
<category>data analysis method</category>
<category>experimental results</category>
<category>13000 GeV-cms</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Search for supersymmetry with VBF tagging in the single lepton final state at s equal to 13 TeV using the CMS detector at LHC</title>
<description><span>This Thesis reports the search for electroweak SUSY production through Vector Boson Fusion processes with compressed mass spectra in proton-proton collisions with final states involving two energetic jets, large momentum imbalance and one charged lepton using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS detector during Run II. The upper limit set by this search on the production cross-section of charginos and neutralinos represents a significant improvement over the previous exclusion bounds set by ATLAS and CMS experiments. Additionally, this Thesis describes the participation of Panjab University in the assembly and testing of the Gaseous Electron Multiplier detector in the CMS muon system.newline</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788428</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788428</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 06:14:11 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Harjot Kaur (Panjab U.)</author>
<category>Beyond Standard Model</category>
<category>CMS Detector</category>
<category>GEM Detector</category>
<category>Super symmetry</category>
<category>Vector Boson Fusion</category>
<category>p p: colliding beams</category>
<category>vector boson: fusion</category>
<category>p p: scattering</category>
<category>final state: ((n)jet lepton)</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>supersymmetry: parameter space</category>
<category>muon</category>
<category>new physics: search for</category>
<category>gas electron multiplier</category>
<category>neutralino: production</category>
<category>electroweak interaction</category>
<category>electron</category>
<category>mass spectrum</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>chargino: production</category>
<category>channel cross section: upper limit</category>
<category>experimental results</category>
<category>13000 GeV-cms</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Exploring and enabling the science potential of DarkSide-20k and other current and future liquid argon dark matter search experiments</title>
<description><span>One of the best hints we currently have of physics beyond the standard model is the existence of dark matter. Astrophysical and cosmological evidence suggests dark matter makes up approximately 85% of the total mass in the Universe. There are numerous experiments currently attempting to make an observation of dark matter and an abundance of proposed candidates. Yet still, to date, we do not know what constitutes dark matter or how it interacts. Direct detection experiments aim to measure interactions of dark matter from our galaxy's dark matter halo with a target material. DarkSide-20k is a dual-phase liquid argon experiment aiming to probe the dark matter-nucleon interaction cross-section for GeV - TeV scale dark matter candidate masses. In order to carry out these experiments, detector technologies and methods have been developed to enable searches with low thresholds and low background rates. In this thesis, work is described on the design, assembly and testing of state of the art low radioactivity silicon photosensors with single photon capabilities which will be used to instrument the DarkSide-20k detector. This includes work carried out to characterise sensors in cryogenic conditions to determine important parameters and the stability of the sensors. Additionally, a key theme of this work is to understand and explore the sensitivity of DarkSide-20k and other LAr and LXe experiments to a broad range of possible dark matter interactions and dark matter masses. A non-relativistic effective field theory approach is used to extend beyond the simplest spin-independent interaction. Exclusion limits and projected sensitivities of various isospin-violating dark matter models are evaluated to explore target complementary at specific Xe- and Ar-favoured parameter points. The Migdal effect is considered as a method of extending the sensitivity in the parameter space of each of the non-standard interactions to much lower dark matter candidate masses than would otherwise be possible. This means that DarkSide-20k will be able to probe dark matter parameter space down to tens of MeV, using a search only considering the ionisation signal. Results are presented for current and future experimental setups, and the loss of sensitivity at high cross-section due to interactions of dark matter within the Earth before reaching underground detectors is taken into account.Date of Award1 Aug 2024Original languageEnglishAwarding InstitutionThe University of ManchesterSupervisorDarren Price (Supervisor) &amp; Justin Evans (Supervisor)</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2770288</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2770288</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2024 15:33:22 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Ellen Sandford (Manchester U.)</author>
<category>dark matter: interaction</category>
<category>interaction: measure</category>
<category>background: low</category>
<category>radioactivity: low</category>
<category>dark matter: halo</category>
<category>detector: technology</category>
<category>detector: stability</category>
<category>dark matter: mass</category>
<category>dark matter: parameter space</category>
<category>effective field theory: nonrelativistic</category>
<category>scale: TeV</category>
<category>sensitivity</category>
<category>liquid argon</category>
<category>ionization</category>
<category>deep underground detector</category>
<category>GeV</category>
<category>photon</category>
<category>silicon</category>
<category>direct detection</category>
<category>cryogenics</category>
<category>galaxy</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Through synergy to ultimate precision understanding of antimatter at the LHCb and BESIII experiments</title>
<description><span>This thesis explores the relationship between matter and anti-matter through flavour physics observed in e+ e- collisions at the BESIII experiment and p p collisions at the LHCb experiment. The relationship between D0 and anti-D0 mesons as understood at the BESIII experiment is used to measure the parameter, gamma, arising from the Unitarity Triangle from the Cabibbo-Kobyashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, that describes the mixing of quarks in the Standard Model. We propose a novel method to measure the relative strong phase between D0 to KS0 pi+ pi- and anti-D0 to KS0 pi+ pi- towards achieving greater precision in measurements of gamma from B+- to D(to KS0 pi+ pi-) K+- decays. The BESIII experiment has the greatest precision in measurements of the relative strong phase between D0 to KS0 pi+ pi- and anti-D0 to KS0 pi+ pi- decays, whilst the LHCb experiment has the greatest precision in measurements of gamma from B+- to D(to KS0 pi+ pi-)K+- decays, thus the two measurements and two experiments complement each other.Date of Award1 Aug 2024Original languageEnglishAwarding InstitutionThe University of ManchesterSupervisorEvelina Gersabeck (Supervisor) &amp; Christopher Parkes (Supervisor)</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2770283</link>
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<pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2024 15:23:18 GMT</pubDate>
<author>John Lane (Manchester U.)</author>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Beauty</category>
<category>Charm</category>
<category>CKM</category>
<category>BESIII</category>
<category>Physics</category>
<category>Particle Physics</category>
<category>HEP</category>
<category>LHCb</category>
<category>electron positron: annihilation</category>
<category>electron positron: colliding beams</category>
<category>p p: scattering</category>
<category>p p: colliding beams</category>
<category>quark: mixing</category>
<category>CKM matrix: unitarity</category>
<category>pi: pair production</category>
<category>K0(S)</category>
<category>D0: hadronic decay</category>
<category>anti-D0: hadronic decay</category>
<category>B: hadronic decay</category>
<category>BES</category>
<category>LHC-B</category>
<category>matter: antimatter</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>charm</category>
<category>flavor</category>
<category>meson</category>
<category>experimental results</category>
<category>D0 --> K0(S) pi+ pi-</category>
<category>anti-D0 --> K0(S) pi+ pi-</category>
<category>B --> D0 K</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Characterization of Hysteretic Behavior of a FeCo Magnet for the Design of a Novel Ion Gantry</title>
<description><span>In the framework of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">euroSIG project and within an international collaboration between CNAO, CERN, INFN, and MedAustron, the design of a novel gantry for hadron therapy based on superconducting magnets and a downstream scanning system has been undertaken. The choice of placing the scanning system downstream of the last superconducting dipole plays a crucial role in the overall layout of the gantry, having a direct impact on its radius, weight, and cost. The proposed design for the scanning system considers two separate normal-conducting scanning magnets with a central field in the order of 1 T, three times higher than the current state-of-the-art scanning magnets for hadron therapy. Such a magnetic field value for a fast-pulsed magnet poses interesting questions regarding non-linearities due to the yoke saturation, hysteretic effects, and eddy currents. In this context, it is important to develop reliable models to study the behavior of the magnet at various levels of current and magnetic field. For this reason, we implemented two and three-dimensional simulations of a short dipole with FeCo yoke and we validated them against experimental measurements. In this paper, we focus on the modelization of the hysteretic behavior of this magnet, providing insight into the feasibility of proposed scanning magnets.</italic></span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769361</link>
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<pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2024 14:55:37 GMT</pubDate>
<author>E. Felcini (CNAO, Milan), M. Pullia (CNAO, Milan), L. Sabbatini (LNF, Dafne Light), A. Vannozzi (LNF, Dafne Light), A. Trigilio (LNF, Dafne Light), M. Pivi (MedAustron), I. De Cesaris (MedAustron), L. Rossi (INFN, Milan, Milan U.), M. Prioli (LASA, Segrate), P. Schwarz (CERN), C. Petrone (CERN), M. Karppinen (CERN)</author>
<category>Magnetic hysteresis</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Saturation magnetization</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Current measurement</category>
<category>Solid modeling</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Central Field</category>
<category>Eddy Current</category>
<category>Scanning System</category>
<category>Magnetic Field Values</category>
<category>Particle Therapy</category>
<category>Model Validation</category>
<category>Current Level</category>
<category>Dynamic Effects</category>
<category>Hysteresis Loop</category>
<category>2D Model</category>
<category>Beam Energy</category>
<category>Electromagnetic Simulation</category>
<category>Carbon Ions</category>
<category>Magnetic Exchange</category>
<category>Isocenter</category>
<category>Electromagnetic Model</category>
<category>Scan Length</category>
<category>Major Loop</category>
<category>Accelerator magnets</category>
<category>gantry</category>
<category>hadron therapy</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Mechanical Design, Construction and Testing of the Superferric Dipoles for the High Energy Fragment Separator of the HIAF</title>
<description><span>The superferric superconducting dipoles are designed for the High energy FRagment Separator (HFRS) of the Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in China. The dipole magnets of the separator will have a deflection radius of 15.7 m, a field up to 1.6 T with a ±160 mm × ±62 mm good field region and an effective length of 2.74 meters. In the HIAF-HFRS, there will be a total of 11 superferric dipoles under construction. The dipole consists of two superconducting coils, a coil casing, a cryostat, and a warm iron yoke. The superconducting coils are protected by the scheme of quench detection and energy-extraction. At present, the first prototype dipole has been fabricated and tested, which reaches the design current of 210 A without a quench and the magnetic field of 1.64 T at the good field area, meeting the physical requirements. The measured results of magnetic field and energy discharge behaviors are in good agreement with the calculations. This paper describes the details of mechanical design, construction and the testing results of the prototype.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769358</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769358</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2024 14:53:45 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Beimin Wu, Wei You, Xianjin Ou, Yujin Tong, Wenhui Ren, Yue Cheng, Xiang Zhang, Lian Jin, Dongsheng Ni, Enming Mei, Wei Wu, Qinggao Yao, Lina Sheng, Jiancheng Yang</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Superconducting coils</category>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Iron</category>
<category>Testing</category>
<category>Current measurement</category>
<category>Helium</category>
<category>Mechanical Design</category>
<category>High Fragmentation</category>
<category>Separate Fragments</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Cryopreservation</category>
<category>Energy Release</category>
<category>Magnetic Dipole</category>
<category>Thermal Stress</category>
<category>Central Field</category>
<category>Cool-down</category>
<category>Electromagnetic Force</category>
<category>Liquid Helium</category>
<category>Straight Edges</category>
<category>Magnetic Field Measurements</category>
<category>Cold Plate</category>
<category>Short Edges</category>
<category>Cover Plate</category>
<category>Heat Shield</category>
<category>Cryogenic System</category>
<category>Vacuum Vessel</category>
<category>Construction</category>
<category>Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF)-High energy FRagment Separator (HFRS)</category>
<category>mechanical design</category>
<category>superferric dipoles</category>
<category>testing</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Design, Simulation and Test Results of Quench Protection System for a 13-T Twin-Aperture Superconducting Dipole Magnet</title>
<description><span>On the basis of the successful development of a high field dipole magnet named LPF1-U, which reached a peak field of 12.47 T in 2021, the new magnet LPF3 with an expected field of over 13 T in the two 50-mm apertures has been designed and fabricated at IHEP. The magnet is developed in a common-coil configuration with six flat racetrack Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn coils, as well as High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) insert coils in the center to further enhance the field to 16 T or more. The Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn coils are designed to provide a 13 T main field at the operating current of 7580 A. The quench protection of the Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn coils is significantly important and challenging because of the much larger magnet apertures (50 mm) and stored energy (2155 kJ). Finally, the method of CLIQ (coupling-loss induced quench protection system) together with varistor is adopted to accelerate the propagation of quench in the magnet and control the hotspot temperature. This article describes the design of the optimized quench protection scheme, the model and the simulation results. The experiment test results are also analyzed and discussed in this article.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769353</link>
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<pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2024 14:52:13 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Jinrui Shi, Rui Kang, Wei Li, Chengtao Wang, Jin Zhou, Yaqiang Wang, Ze Feng, Hongjun Zhang, Rui Ma, Xin Chen, Qingjin Xu</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Magnetic circuits</category>
<category>Magnetic tunneling</category>
<category>Varistors</category>
<category>Magnetic flux</category>
<category>Inductance</category>
<category>Simulation Results</category>
<category>Magnetic Dipole</category>
<category>Mouse Hepatitis Virus</category>
<category>Coupling Loss</category>
<category>Experimental Test Results</category>
<category>High-temperature Superconductors</category>
<category>Peak Field</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Peak Current</category>
<category>2D Model</category>
<category>Protection Methods</category>
<category>Charging Voltage</category>
<category>Equivalent Inductance</category>
<category>Current Decay</category>
<category>CLIQ</category>
<category>quench simulation</category>
<category>training characteristic</category>
<category>varistor</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Cryogenic Tests of SHINE Superconducting Quadrupole Magnets in the Multifunction Test Facility</title>
<description><span>Shanghai HIgh repetitioN rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) is a 3 km long advanced X-ray source facility. The main superconducting Linear Accelerator (Linac) of SHINE can increase the electron beam energy up to 8 GeV under superconducting (SC) continuous wave (CW) mode. SHINE Linac is mainly based on the seventy-five 1.3 GHz-cavity cryomodules which are connected in series in 1.4 km and operated at superfluid helium temperature of 2 K. Each cryomodule mainly consists of 8 Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities, 8 high power couplers, 8 tuners, one cold Beam Position Monitor (BPM) and one superconducting quadrupole (SCQ) magnet. In order to ensure the cryomodules stable operation at 2 K in the Linac tunnel, all the key elements are required to be tested at cryogenic temperatures before their assembly into the cryomodule. A Multifunction Test Facility (MTF) is designed and fabricated, by referring to the 3-cryogenic circuit design for the cryomodule (2 K, 5 K and 45 K) as well as the compatible consideration for all other cryomodules key elements cryogenic tests. SCQ magnet, as designed to work at liquid helium temperature by conduction-cooling, is thus necessary to be carried out on the performance tests in the MTF. This paper will give a detailed description of the MTF, as well as the cryogenic commissioning and test results for the facility itself. The experimental issues related to cryogenic tests of the SCQ magnets, such as the conduction-cooling performance and the cryogenic stability for current tests, are also discussed.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769340</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769340</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2024 14:47:12 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Yawei Huang, Yanfei Zhai, Yiyong Liu, Jinfang Chen, Tianya Meng, Zhitao Yao, Jidong Zhang, Bo Zhang, Kai Zhang, Xingzhong Sun</author>
<category>Cryogenics</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic shielding</category>
<category>Magnetic noise</category>
<category>Heating systems</category>
<category>Magnetic circuits</category>
<category>Helium</category>
<category>Quadrupole Magnets</category>
<category>Electron Beam</category>
<category>Continuous Wave</category>
<category>Cryogenic Temperatures</category>
<category>Liquid Helium</category>
<category>Helium Temperature</category>
<category>Liquid Helium Temperature</category>
<category>Heat Transfer</category>
<category>Enthalpy</category>
<category>Thermal Stress</category>
<category>Thermal Radiation</category>
<category>Dynamic Loading</category>
<category>Vacuum Tubes</category>
<category>Liquid Level</category>
<category>Heat Shield</category>
<category>Vacuum Vessel</category>
<category>Helium Pressure</category>
<category>Cooling</category>
<category>cryogenic commissioning</category>
<category>current measurement</category>
<category>helium</category>
<category>linear accelerators</category>
<category>superconducting coils</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>thermal analysis</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Development of HFRS Superconducting Multipole Magnets for HIAF</title>
<description><span>High energy FRagment Separator (HFRS), a full superconducting beam line, consists of 11 dipoles and 13 multiplets with the magnetic rigidity of 25 Tm and the large acceptance of ±165 mm. The multiplet contains three magnets nested with octupole, sextupole, quadrupole or steering dipoles, which are arranged together in a common cryostat. A Coil-dominated multipole magnets based on Discrete-Cosine-Theta (DCT) geometry is presented, which is expected to reduce the cold mass and shorten the length of beam line. A total of 200 G10 mandrels with a diameter greater than 400 mm are required and machined with grooves to hold the 6-around-1 cable securely. In order to minimize the costs and periods of magnets manufacture, injection molding is proposed and capable of mass-producing the formers. The first full-size prototype named L800 (effective length = 800 mm) has been successfully tested. Since the measured integral harmonics of the L800 exceed 10 units (only b<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3n</sub>component for 2n-pole field), the optimization of magnetic design is carried out to minimize the undesired harmonics. This paper will present the latest of the design and development process of the HFRS multipole magnets.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769338</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2769338</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2024 14:46:23 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Yu Liang, Enming Mei, Wei You, Xudong Wang, Zhengnan Han, Xianjin Ou, Yujin Tong, Dongsheng Ni, Tongjun Yang, Wei Wu, Qinggao Yao</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Magnetic shielding</category>
<category>Magnetic noise</category>
<category>Magnetosphere</category>
<category>Iron</category>
<category>Prototype</category>
<category>Quadrupole</category>
<category>Beamline</category>
<category>Effective Length</category>
<category>Design Optimization</category>
<category>Separate Fragments</category>
<category>Octupole</category>
<category>Magnetic Design</category>
<category>Vertebrate</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Assembly Process</category>
<category>Glass Fiber</category>
<category>Shape Functions</category>
<category>Superconductivity</category>
<category>Aluminium Alloy</category>
<category>Metal Bar</category>
<category>6-around-1 cable</category>
<category>discrete-cosine-theta (DCT)</category>
<category>HFRS</category>
<category>injection molding</category>
<category>multipole magnets</category>
<category>ULTEM 2300</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Proof-of-Principle of an Energy-Efficient, Iron-Dominated Electromagnet for Physics Experiments</title>
<description><span>A number of physics experiments call for the use of iron-dominated, normal-conducting electromagnets to produce moderate fields (2 T range) in a large gap or over a large volume. Although robust and reliable, these magnets require significant electrical power, in the MW range, and can thus be costly to operate, especially in DC mode. We report on the design and test of a superconducting, proof-of-principle demonstrator that makes use of technological developments carried out for the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (HL-LHC). The demonstrator includes a superconducting coil, wound from a MgB<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>cable, and mounted inside an iron yoke with a 62 mm gap. As a first phase, the demonstrator was successfully tested in liquid helium at 4.5 K, generating a magnetic flux density of 1.95 T at a current of 5 kA. In a second phase, currently under preparation, the demonstrator will be tested in gaseous helium at 20 K. The design concepts of the demonstrator can be scaled up to large, iron-dominated electromagnets.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766498</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766498</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:39:16 GMT</pubDate>
<author>A. Devred (CERN), A. Ballarino (CERN), N. Bourcey (CERN), F. Mangiarotti (CERN), A. Milanese (CERN), C. Petrone (CERN)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic flux</category>
<category>Saturation magnetization</category>
<category>Superconducting cables</category>
<category>Wires</category>
<category>Magnetic resonance imaging</category>
<category>Magnetic confinement</category>
<category>Electromagnetic</category>
<category>Physical Experiments</category>
<category>Magnetic Flux</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Liquid Helium</category>
<category>MW Range</category>
<category>Impedance</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Transfer Function</category>
<category>Hysteresis Loop</category>
<category>Phase Velocity</category>
<category>Magnetic Measurements</category>
<category>Magnetic Force</category>
<category>Eddy Current</category>
<category>Mechanical Design</category>
<category>Final Assembly</category>
<category>Multipole</category>
<category>Cryogenic Temperatures</category>
<category>Cool-down</category>
<category>2D Simulations</category>
<category>High-temperature Superconductors</category>
<category>Single Coil</category>
<category>Bending Radius</category>
<category>Minimum Radius</category>
<category>Induction Coil</category>
<category>Eddy Current Effect</category>
<category>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</category>
<category>Central Field</category>
<category>Stage Of The Project</category>
<category>Electromagnet</category>
<category>gaseous helium cooling</category>
<category>HL-LHC</category>
<category>iron-dominated</category>
<category>MgB $_2$</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>magnesium: boron</category>
<category>iron</category>
<category>efficiency</category>
<category>performance</category>
<category>costs</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Test Results of the First Wax-Impregnated Nb-Ti Canted Cosine Theta Septum Magnet “SuShi”</title>
<description><span>In the framework of the future circular collider study, a new septum magnet concept (“SuShi”) has been developed, and a prototype was built at Wigner RCP, and tested at the FREIA facility of Uppsala University. The concept uses a canted cosine theta (CCT)-like superconducting magnet and a passive superconducting shield to create a zero-field and high-field region within its aperture. SuShi is the first CCT magnet with both of its winding layers simultaneously impregnated with wax. Details of the construction will be presented, with special emphasis on the wax impregnation procedure which deals with the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>15% contraction of wax upon solidification. The empty magnet (no shield in its aperture) was powered without training to 450 A with a peak field of 3.64 T, corresponding to 80% of the short sample limit of the conductor along the load line. No quench or other anomaly was observed during the entire testing period. A clear onset of quench-back was observed above about 200 A.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766495</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766495</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:39:07 GMT</pubDate>
<author>D. Barna (Wigner RCP, Budapest), K. Brunner (Wigner RCP, Budapest), J. Borburgh (CERN), M. Atanasov (CERN), F. Lackner (CERN), M. Olvegård (Uppsala U.), K. Pepitone (Uppsala U.), Rocio Santiago Kern (Uppsala U.), C. Svanberg (Uppsala U.), T. Bagni (Uppsala U.)</author>
<category>Magnetic shielding</category>
<category>Magnetic noise</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Magnetic domains</category>
<category>Heating systems</category>
<category>Details Of Construction</category>
<category>Future Colliders</category>
<category>Entire Test Period</category>
<category>High Voltage</category>
<category>Paraffin Wax</category>
<category>Thermal Insulation</category>
<category>Vertical Gradient</category>
<category>External Heat</category>
<category>Energy Extraction</category>
<category>Impregnation Method</category>
<category>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</category>
<category>Radial Gradient</category>
<category>Vertical Temperature Gradient</category>
<category>Magnets</category>
<category>electromagnets</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>nuclear and plasma sciences</category>
<category>particle accelerators</category>
<category>accelerator magnets</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: septum</category>
<category>shielding: magnetic</category>
<category>insulation</category>
<category>organic compounds</category>
<category>quenching</category>
<category>performance</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Development of MBRD Magnets, the Separation/Recombination Dipoles for the LHC High Luminosity Upgrade</title>
<description><span>As part of the high-luminosity upgrade of CERN LHC accelerator project, the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) in Genoa, Italy, has developed the MBRD separation-recombination dipole, also known as D2, whose function is to bring beams into collision before and after the interaction regions of the CMS and ATLAS experiments. It is a NbTi cos-theta double aperture dipole that generates a 4.5 T field in a 105 mm aperture, with a magnetic length of 7.78 m, and has the specific feature that the magnetic field in the two apertures is oriented in the same direction. The agreements between INFN and CERN, signed in 2016 and 2020, called for the construction of a short model, 1.6 m long, a prototype of final size, and the six series magnets, four of which are to be installed in the tunnel and two spare. After an international tender, the construction of all magnets was awarded to ASG Superconductors. The short model was successfully tested at CERN in a vertical cryostat in August 2020, reaching nominal current after three quenches in the second thermal cycle, validating most of the mechanical, thermal, and electrical design and providing important insights into the improvements that were implemented in the prototype. Testing of the D2 cold mass prototype was performed in October 2022. Its performance was found to be extremely good, with no quenches below nominal current even in the first thermal cycle and showing excellent operating margin in terms of current, ramp rate, and temperature. Although the series magnets were designed to be identical to the prototype, some modifications and tuning improvements, including a small cross-sectional refinement, were implemented and assessed with the construction of the first magnet in the series. This contribution reports all the activities that, based on the short model and prototype experience, led us to the construction of the first series magnet.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766489</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766489</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:38:42 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Stefania Farinon (INFN, Genoa), Silvano Angius (ASG Supercond., Genova), Alberto Barutti (ASG Supercond., Genova), Andrea Bersani (INFN, Genoa), Michela Bracco (Genoa U., INFN, Genoa), Barbara Caiffi (INFN, Genoa), Pasquale Fabbricatore (INFN, Genoa), Lucio Fiscarelli (CERN), Arnaud Foussat (CERN), Andrea Gagno (Genoa U., INFN, Genoa), Michael Guinchard (CERN), Filippo Levi (INFN, Genoa), Franco Mangiarotti (CERN), Daniel Novelli (Rome U.), Alessandra Pampaloni (INFN, Genoa), Nicola Sala (INFN, Genoa), Ezio Todesco (CERN), Nicolò Valle (ASG Supercond., Genova), Alessio Verardo (ASG Supercond., Genova), Gerard Willering (CERN)</author>
<category>Prototypes</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Toroidal magnetic fields</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Magnetic tunneling</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>High Luminosity</category>
<category>High-luminosity Upgrade</category>
<category>Thermal Cycler</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Aperture</category>
<category>August 2020</category>
<category>Mechanical Design</category>
<category>Nuclear Physics</category>
<category>Prototype Testing</category>
<category>Electrical Design</category>
<category>Return On Sales</category>
<category>Nominal Current</category>
<category>Magnetic Measurements</category>
<category>Strain Gauges</category>
<category>Cool-down</category>
<category>Superconducting dipole</category>
<category>magnet for IR</category>
<category>LHC</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>quenching</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
<category>performance</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Analytical Evaluation of Dipole Performance Limits for a Muon Collider</title>
<description><span>Following the recommendation of the Updated European Strategy for Particle Physics, an International Muon Collider Collaboration has been formed and is currently studying the feasibility of a 10 TeV center-of-mass energy muon collider facility. Several technical challenges must be faced, mainly due to the limited muon lifetime at rest, 2.2 µs. This extreme condition requires the use of ambitious magnets, RF systems, targets, shielding, and cooling. To avoid collimated neutrino beams from muon decay and remain below the natural radiation background that affects the area surrounding the facility, the straight lengths in the collider ring should be kept to an absolute minimum. To achieve this goal, the beam optics quadrupoles should be combined with the bending dipoles, featuring a high magnetic field (&gt;10 T) and gradient (&gt;100 T/m) in a large aperture (∼150 mm). The need for a high field derives from the compactness requirement to achieve high luminosity via high crossing frequency. The large aperture is fundamental to allocate a radiation (W) beam screen, which will protect the superconductors from the muon decay products (a radiation heat load of 500W/m due to electrons, positrons, and their synchrotron photons). All these constraints require cutting-edge technologies for the material choices, the mechanical layout, the quench protection, and the cooling. In this contribution, we show the performance limits of the possible candidate materials for such magnets (namely the LTS NbTi, Nb3Sn, and the HTS ReBCO). The analysis is focused on dipoles, obtaining a relationship between maximum aperture and bore field determined by constraints including cost, critical current density, mechanical stress, and quench protection.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766483</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766483</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:38:34 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Daniel Novelli (U. Rome La Sapienza (main), INFN, Genoa), Andrea Bersani (INFN, Genoa), Luca Bottura (CERN), Barbara Caiffi (INFN, Genoa), Siara Fabbri (CERN), Stefania Farinon (INFN, Genoa), Samuele Mariotto (INFN, Milan, Milan U., LASA, Segrate), Riccardo Musenich (INFN, Genoa), Alessandra Pampaloni (INFN, Genoa), Tiina Salmi (Tampere U. of Tech.), Massimo Sorbi (INFN, Milan, Milan U., LASA, Segrate), Stefano Sorti (INFN, Milan, Milan U., LASA, Segrate), Marco Statera (LASA, Segrate), Riccardo Valente (LASA, Segrate)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Costs</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Stress</category>
<category>Mesons</category>
<category>High-temperature superconductors</category>
<category>Muon Collider</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>High Field</category>
<category>Thermal Stress</category>
<category>Light Beam</category>
<category>Superconductivity</category>
<category>High Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Critical Current</category>
<category>Critical Density</category>
<category>Large Aperture</category>
<category>Natural Radiation</category>
<category>Critical Current Density</category>
<category>High Luminosity</category>
<category>Maximum Aperture</category>
<category>RF System</category>
<category>Straight Length</category>
<category>Phase Space</category>
<category>Accelerator dipoles</category>
<category>accelerator magnets</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>muon: storage ring</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>quenching</category>
<category>costs</category>
<category>performance</category>
<category>beam optics</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Fabrication and Test of the Fourth Prototype of the D2 Orbit Corrector Dipole for HL-LHC</title>
<description><span>As part of the High-Luminosity upgrade project (HL-LHC) for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, new double-aperture beam orbit corrector magnets will be installed near the recombination dipole (D2). These magnets are 2.2 m long Nb–Ti dipoles based on the Canted Cosine-Theta (CCT) design. They provide an in bore magnetic field of 2.60 T at 394 A in a 105 mm aperture with an integrated field of 5 Tm. The fourth full-length prototype was built and tested at CERN. Its design is based on the best engineering practices from previous prototypes. In this paper we first report on recent improvements in the manufacturing process, focusing on the feedback from winding and on the optimization of the impregnation phase. The magnetic measurements carried out at warm and cold temperatures are then reported. Finally, the results of powering tests at 1.9 K and 4.5 K are presented. The magnet meets the dimensional, electrical and magnetic requirements, and is a valid reference for the HL-LHC series production that is currently being carried out in collaboration between CERN and Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP).</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766476</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766476</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:38:32 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Veronica Ilardi (CERN), Hélène Felice (CERN, IRFU, Saclay, DACM), Jerome Feuvrier (CERN), Lucio Fiscarelli (CERN), Arnaud P. Foussat (CERN), Glyn Kirby (CERN), Filip Kosowski (CERN), Franco J. Mangiarotti (CERN), Francois-Olivier Pincot (CERN), Piotr T. Rogacki (CERN), Ezio Todesco (CERN), Davide Tommasini (CERN), Cedric Urscheler (CERN), Gerard Willering (CERN)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Resins</category>
<category>Insulation</category>
<category>Wires</category>
<category>Prototypes</category>
<category>Windings</category>
<category>Prototype</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Aperture</category>
<category>Manufacturing Process</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Extinction</category>
<category>Fabrication Process</category>
<category>Glass Fiber</category>
<category>Multipole</category>
<category>Electrical Insulation</category>
<category>Impregnation Process</category>
<category>Nominal Current</category>
<category>External Tube</category>
<category>Canted cosine theta (CCT)</category>
<category>D2</category>
<category>dipole</category>
<category>high-Luminosity</category>
<category>HL-LHC</category>
<category>magnets</category>
<category>MCBRD</category>
<category>MCBRDP4</category>
<category>orbit corrector</category>
<category>superconducting</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll: upgrade</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
<category>engineering</category>
<category>optimization</category>
<category>performance</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Quench Detection System Consolidation for the HL-LHC Era</title>
<description><span>The High Luminosity LHC project (HL-LHC) will lead to increased radiation loads in some of the existing areas of LHC. To anticipate that and to replace aging equipment based on obsolete technologies, a consolidation program for the quench detection systems (QDS) of LHC's superconducting magnet circuits was launched. The existing technology based on digital signal processors and microcontrollers is replaced by radiation tolerant field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). These components provide a significantly increased radiation tolerance and act as a replacement of meanwhile obsolescent components. Two versatile quench detection boards, two acquisition controller boards and one radiation tolerant power supply form the basic building blocks of this consolidation campaign. This contribution gives an overview about the new FPGA-based quench detectors as well as the acquisition controllers. The versatile design and the software-defined algorithms of these building blocks allow to upgrade several classes of quench detectors on LHC's main and corrector magnets. Dependent on the use case, the original functionality of the protection devices is replaced by a functionally improved device or new features are added to enhance diagnostics and protection of the superconducting circuits.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766471</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766471</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:38:30 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Jelena Spasic (CERN), Reiner Denz (CERN), Guzman Martin Garcia (CERN), Tomasz Podzorny (CERN), Tetiana Pridii (CERN), Jens Steckert (CERN), Andrzej Skoczen (AGH-UST, Cracow)</author>
<category>Detectors</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Magnetic shielding</category>
<category>Magnetic noise</category>
<category>Logic gates</category>
<category>Field programmable gate arrays</category>
<category>Quench Detection</category>
<category>Signal Processing</category>
<category>Digital Signal</category>
<category>Digital Signal Processing</category>
<category>Radiation Tolerance</category>
<category>High Luminosity</category>
<category>Versatile Design</category>
<category>Irradiation</category>
<category>Triggering</category>
<category>Total Dose</category>
<category>Circuit Board</category>
<category>Run Test</category>
<category>Safety-critical</category>
<category>Modular Design</category>
<category>Time Synchronization</category>
<category>Digital Circuits</category>
<category>Local Communication</category>
<category>Commercial Off-the-shelf</category>
<category>Electronic equipment</category>
<category>magnet protection</category>
<category>quench detection</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll: upgrade</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>quenching</category>
<category>FPGA</category>
<category>power supply</category>
<category>electronics: design</category>
<category>data acquisition</category>
<category>radiation: damage</category>
<category>performance: time dependence</category>
<category>control system</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>A Translating-Coil Magnetometer for the Magnetic Measurements of the HL-LHC High-Order Corrector Magnets at Room Temperature</title>
<description><span>This article describes the design and development of a translating-coil magnetometer for the room-temperature magnetic measurements of the superferric, high-order corrector magnets for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN (HL-LHC). The measurement system consists of a set of induction coils, tangentially positioned on a measurement head. The translation of the measurement head yields an induced voltage proportional to the longitudinal field profiles of the magnets. In this way, it is possible to locate the longitudinal center and calculate the magnetic length. The measurements provide feedback to the assembly and fabrication processes. The metrological characterization of the induction-coil configurations is presented, and the measurement results are discussed in view of the target requirements of the HL-LHC project.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766467</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766467</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 13:38:19 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Mariano Pentella (CERN), Eivind Dalane (CERN), Ernesto De Matteis (LASA, Segrate), Emma L. Gautheron (CERN), Samuele Mariotto (LASA, Segrate), Carlo Petrone (CERN), Herve Prin (CERN), Marco Prioli (LASA, Segrate), Stephan Russenschuck (CERN), Marco Statera (LASA, Segrate), Ezio Todesco (CERN)</author>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Magnetic flux</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetometers</category>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Magnetic domains</category>
<category>Magnetic heads</category>
<category>Magnetometer</category>
<category>Field Profile</category>
<category>Induction Coil</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Magnetic Length</category>
<category>Deconvolution</category>
<category>Nominal Value</category>
<category>Longitudinal Axis</category>
<category>Printed Circuit Board</category>
<category>Angular Position</category>
<category>Field Map</category>
<category>Excitatory Currents</category>
<category>Field Level</category>
<category>Test Bench</category>
<category>Flux Variability</category>
<category>Measurement Principle</category>
<category>Field Scanning</category>
<category>Post-processing Methods</category>
<category>Magnetic Exchange</category>
<category>Coil Position</category>
<category>Laser Tracker</category>
<category>Harmonic Field</category>
<category>High Field Region</category>
<category>HL-LHC</category>
<category>high-order corrector package</category>
<category>translating-coil magnetometer</category>
<category>translating fluxmeter</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll: upgrade</category>
<category>flux: magnetic</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>coil</category>
<category>feedback</category>
<category>detector: magnetic field</category>
<category>detector: design</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
<category>performance</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Validating the Physics-Driven Lumped-Element Model of the LHC Main Dipole Magnet</title>
<description><span>Measuring the complex impedance of a superconducting magnet as a function of frequency provides valuable insight into its electrodynamics. In particular, the characteristic features of some non-conform behaviour, such as an insulation fault, may be easier to assess when performing impedance measurements rather than observing time-domain signals. A physics-driven equivalent circuit model of a superconducting magnet has been recently developed, whose parameters are derived using solely measured geometric and material properties. This contribution describes its validation against impedance measurements of a spare LHC superconducting main dipole, performed at the CERN magnet test facility. The proposed model includes lumped-elements capturing individual physical phenomena, such as superconducting filament magnetization, inter-filament and inter-strand coupling currents, eddy currents in the strand copper matrix and various magnet components, and stray capacitances. It is possible to predict the impact of different physical effects in different frequency ranges and compare simulations to experimental results. It is shown that the validated model can accurately reproduce the magnet's impedance in a frequency range up to 5 kHz in the different conditions considered.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766432</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766432</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 12:48:23 GMT</pubDate>
<author>M. Janitschke (CERN, U. Rostock), M. Bednarek (CERN), E. Ravaioli (CERN), A.P. Verweij (CERN), G. Willering (CERN), M. Wozniak (CERN), U. van Rienen (U. Rostock)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Current measurement</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Inductance</category>
<category>Impedance measurement</category>
<category>Main Dipole</category>
<category>Frequency Range</category>
<category>Equivalent Circuit</category>
<category>Function Of Frequency</category>
<category>Eddy Current</category>
<category>Impedance Measurements</category>
<category>Magnetic Components</category>
<category>Equivalent Circuit Model</category>
<category>Complex Impedance</category>
<category>Stray Capacitance</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Aperture</category>
<category>Time Constant</category>
<category>Transfer Function</category>
<category>Inner Layer</category>
<category>Power Loss</category>
<category>Coupling Effect</category>
<category>Field Changes</category>
<category>Equivalent Parameters</category>
<category>Coupling Coefficient</category>
<category>Persistent Current</category>
<category>Inductor Current</category>
<category>Frequency-domain Model</category>
<category>Magnetic State</category>
<category>Superconducting State</category>
<category>Conduction Loss</category>
<category>Sinusoidal Excitation</category>
<category>Metal Components</category>
<category>Time-varying Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Nominal Current</category>
<category>Accelerator magnet</category>
<category>AC-losses</category>
<category>frequency-domain</category>
<category>impedance measurements</category>
<category>superconducting coil</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
<category>model: magnetic</category>
<category>magnetic field: time dependence</category>
<category>impedance</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>numerical calculations</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Simulating Quench Transients in the Self-Protected HL-LHC High Order Corrector Magnets</title>
<description><span>—To meet the milestones set by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, the integration of new inner triplet magnet circuits is vital for enhancing the focusing of the particle beams at ATLAS and CMS. In addition to the Nb$_3$Sn quadrupole magnets, high-order Nb-Ti magnets are required for field correction. This comprises self-protected magnets with six, eight, ten, and twelve poles, which also come in skewed variants. The simulation program LEDET was developed as part of the STEAM framework and is now applied to study quench transients in HL-LHC magnets. The electromagnetic and thermal transients occurring after a quench are simulated and validated with experiments at different current levels conducted by LASA (INFN). For the models, the three-dimensional geometry is accurately replicated and for each magnet the conductor parameters of each coil are set according to measurements. After discussing the various assumptions of the model, a simulation study is conducted to investigate the influence of the unknown quench location and inter-filament coupling losses. The developed models of each magnet show satisfactory accuracy and are predictive for different current levels. The models are then used to analyse the simulated hot-spot temperatures and peak voltages-to-ground, which cannot be easily measured. It is concluded that the protection strategy is effective.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766429</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2766429</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2024 12:48:16 GMT</pubDate>
<author>D. Mayr (CERN, Innsbruck U.), L. Bender (Freiburg U.), E. Gautheron (CERN), S. Mariotto (Milan U.), M. Prioli (Milan U.), E. Ravaioli (CERN), M. Statera (Milan U.), E. Todesco (CERN), A. Verweij (CERN), M. Wozniak (CERN)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Temperature measurement</category>
<category>Voltage measurement</category>
<category>Magnetic circuits</category>
<category>Current measurement</category>
<category>Corrector Magnets</category>
<category>Unknown Location</category>
<category>Coupling Loss</category>
<category>Simulated Peak</category>
<category>Simulation Results</category>
<category>Magnetic Field</category>
<category>Model Validation</category>
<category>Hexahedral</category>
<category>Thermal Contact</category>
<category>Nominal Conditions</category>
<category>Voltage Resistance</category>
<category>High Luminosity</category>
<category>Accelerator magnets</category>
<category>finite difference methods</category>
<category>modeling</category>
<category>Nb-Ti wire</category>
<category>quench protection</category>
<category>transient analysis</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll: upgrade</category>
<category>dimension: 3</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>niobium: tin</category>
<category>quadrupole lens</category>
<category>quenching</category>
<category>programming</category>
<category>numerical calculations</category>
<category>safety</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>New Measurement Techniques Used for the Electrical Quality Assurance of HL-LHC Superconducting Magnets</title>
<description><span>In preparation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) upgrade to High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), a number of new Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn magnets, including short model and prototype magnets, had to be electrically qualified. The process included a number o... |
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<item>
<title>Galactic dark matter in Newtonian theory</title>
<description></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808789</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808789</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2024 11:02:09 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Kirill Vankov, Anatoli Vankov</author>
</item>
<item>
<title>Artificial Intelligence Models for the Dark Universe</title>
<description><span>The dark universe contains matter and energy unidentifiable with current physical models, accounting for 95% of all the matter and energetic equivalent in the universe. The enormous surplus brings up daunting enigmas, such as the cosmological constant problem and the apparent distortions in the dynamics of deep space, and so coming to grips with the invisible universe has become a scientific imperative.This book addresses this need, reckoning that no cogent physical model of the dark universe can be implemented without first addressing the metaphysical hurdles along the way. The foremost problem is identifying the topology of the universe which, as argued in the book, is highly relevant to unveil the secrets of the dark universe.Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a valuable tool in this effort since it can reconcile conflicting data from deep space with the extant laws of physics by building models to decipher the dark universe. This book explores the applications of AI and how it can be used to embark on a metaphysical quest to identify the topology of the universe as a prerequisite to implement a physical model of the dark sector that enables a meaningful extrapolation into the visibile sector.The book is intended for a broad readership, but a background in college-level physics and computer science is essential. The book will be a valuable guide for graduate students as well as researchers in physics, astrophysics, and computer science focusing on AI applications&nbsp;to elucidate&nbsp;the nature of the dark universe.Key Features:·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Provides readers with an intellectual toolbox to understand physical arguments on dark matter and energy.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Up to date with the latest cutting-edge research.·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Authored by an expert on artificial intelligence and mathematical physics.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808081</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808081</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jul 2024 11:51:04 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Ariel Fernández</author>
</item>
<item>
<title>Diamond Quantum Sensors Based on Spin-Qubit of NV Centers</title>
<description><span>Quantum sensors encompass a diverse class of devices that exploit quantum coherence to detect weak or nanoscale signals. As their behavior is tied to physical constants, quantum sensors can achieve accuracy, repeatability, and precision approaching fundamental limits [1, 2]. As a result, these sensors have shown utility in a wide range of applications in both science and engineering leading to innovations. Among many solid-state spin systems, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have attracted considerable attention as a leading platform in many fields of quantum technologies, from quantum sensing to information processing and communication applications. They have superior physical properties, and their quantum coherence is preserved even at room temperature. The energy levels of NV centers are sensitive to magnetic fields, electric fields, strain, and temperature, and the spatial resolution is scalable from nanometers to millimeters. Therefore, diamond quantum sensors are distinctive sensors with multimodality and span scalable application fields. To realize an ideal quantum sensor for applications, the technical challenges in the sensor materials and the quantum control techniques, such as coherent microwave spin manipulation, effective optical spin-state initialization, and readout, have been developed. This chapter briefly explains the sensing principle using NV centers and then introduces sensor systems for biomedical applications, and monitoring of batteries for electric vehicles and internal power devices.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808045</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2808045</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jul 2024 10:36:59 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Mutsuko Hatano (Unlisted)</author>
<category>microwaves, coherence</category>
<category>technology, quantum</category>
<category>quantum sensing</category>
<category>diamond</category>
<category>temperature</category>
<category>spin</category>
<category>monitoring</category>
<category>quantum control</category>
<category>energy levels</category>
<category>magnetic field</category>
<category>readout</category>
<category>engineering</category>
<category>optical</category>
<category>spatial resolution</category>
<category>electric field</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Fault-tolerant strategies in MMC-based high power magnet supply for particle accelerator</title>
<description><span>Many particle accelerators require to supply chains of magnets with high quality, high magnitude, cycling currents. To
do this, the power converters need to provide high output voltages, reaching in some cases tens of kilovolts. Additionally,
converters are required to store the magnet energy during de-magnetization cycles. For such application, Full-bridge Modular
Multilevel Converters (FB-MMC) could be used given their capacity to store energy and their inherent reliability. In this sense,
one of the most interesting features of the proposed topology is the possibility of bypassing one or several submodules in
the event of a fault or malfunction. By doing this, it is possible to ride-through the failure of a component and avoid the
interruption of the accelerator operation.
However, when the number of submodules is small, this operation could lead to an excessive charge of the healthy cells,
increasing the risk of secondary failures. Besides, undesired harmonic content could appear on the output current, degrading the
operation of the accelerator. It is then necessary to implement strategies that allow to remove a faulty cell without significantly
impacting the operation of the remaining ones and of the converter itself.
Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to investigate several of these strategies and assess them. By means of detailed
computer simulations, the behaviour of the converter during normal and submodule fault conditions is analysed. Then, several
fault-tolerant strategies are described, verified and compared with the aid of simulation tools. The results show the effectiveness
of the analysed strategies in avoiding the overvoltage on the healthy submodules after a cell bypass and the little impact of
this operation on the quality of the converter output current</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2803830</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2803830</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jul 2024 11:35:51 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Manuel Colmenero Moratalla (CERN), Ricardo Vidal-Albalate (Jaume I U., Castellon), Francisco R. Blanquez Delgado (CERN), Ramon Blasco-Gimenez (Valencia, Polytechnic U.)</author>
</item>
<item>
<title>Measurement of higgs boson production in ZH channel with z ll and h WW decay using run ll CMS data at LHC</title>
<description><span>The thesis presents the measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson and cross-section is measured in terms of signal strength modifier and signal significance. The events where the Higgs decays to a pair of W bosons are considered. These measurements have been performed using the LHC data from pp collisions, collected by CMS during Run-II (2016-2018) at and#8730;s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb-1. The multivariate Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) discriminant is used to differentiate the signal and background in the signal region. The combined measurement is also presented which includes other vector boson associated production modes of the Higgs boson.newline</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788429</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788429</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 06:14:52 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Amandeep Kaur (Panjab U.)</author>
<category>Associated Z Boson</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>GEM</category>
<category>Higgs Boson</category>
<category>LHC</category>
<category>p p: colliding beams</category>
<category>cross section: ratio: measured</category>
<category>vector boson: associated production</category>
<category>Higgs particle: hadroproduction</category>
<category>Higgs particle: decay modes</category>
<category>W: pair production</category>
<category>p p: scattering</category>
<category>Z0: associated production</category>
<category>Z0: leptonic decay</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>gas electron multiplier</category>
<category>background</category>
<category>data analysis method</category>
<category>experimental results</category>
<category>13000 GeV-cms</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Search for supersymmetry with VBF tagging in the single lepton final state at s equal to 13 TeV using the CMS detector at LHC</title>
<description><span>This Thesis reports the search for electroweak SUSY production through Vector Boson Fusion processes with compressed mass spectra in proton-proton collisions with final states involving two energetic jets, large momentum imbalance and one charged lepton using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS detector during Run II. The upper limit set by this search on the production cross-section of charginos and neutralinos represents a significant improvement over the previous exclusion bounds set by ATLAS and CMS experiments. Additionally, this Thesis describes the participation of Panjab University in the assembly and testing of the Gaseous Electron Multiplier detector in the CMS muon system.newline</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788428</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788428</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 06:14:11 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Harjot Kaur (Panjab U.)</author>
<category>Beyond Standard Model</category>
<category>CMS Detector</category>
<category>GEM Detector</category>
<category>Super symmetry</category>
<category>Vector Boson Fusion</category>
<category>p p: colliding beams</category>
<category>vector boson: fusion</category>
<category>p p: scattering</category>
<category>final state: ((n)jet lepton)</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>supersymmetry: parameter space</category>
<category>muon</category>
<category>new physics: search for</category>
<category>gas electron multiplier</category>
<category>neutralino: production</category>
<category>electroweak interaction</category>
<category>electron</category>
<category>mass spectrum</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll</category>
<category>chargino: production</category>
<category>channel cross section: upper limit</category>
<category>experimental results</category>
<category>13000 GeV-cms</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Global Fits in the Supersymmetric Georgi-machacek Model</title>
<description><span>In this dissertation, we study a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model with Higgs triplets in the scalar sector. We begin with a review of the Standard Model (SM), particularly the electroweak sector and the Higgs mechanism. In the SM, the Higgs mechanism requires the presence of a complex Higgs doublet to break the electroweak symmetry and endow particles with a mass; this process is called Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB). Although this is the simplest possibility, higher scalar representations may also contribute to the electroweak breaking process (EWSB). The extent to which these higher representations contribute to EWSB is constrained by precise measurements of the ρ parameter. The model must predict ρ ≈ 1 at tree level. It is a fortuitous circumstance that simple doublet representations satisfy this requirement exactly. The underlying reason is that models with doublets satisfy an accidental custodial symmetry. Therefore, one can add any number of scalar doublets and still satisfy this experimental constraint. For higher representations, it is a bit trickier to maintain the custodial symmetry. We study in this work a supersymmetric model that incorporates triplet representations, satisfies the custodial symmetry, and predicts ρ ≈ 1 at tree level. The non-supersymmetric Georgi-Machacek (GM) model is one example of a custodial invariant model of SSB with Higgs triplets. However, the GM model has a fine- tuning problem beyond that of the SM. The solution to both issues is the Supersymmetric Custodial Triplet Model (SCTM). The supersymmetric Georgi-Machacek model arises as a low energy limit of the SCTM model. It is this model that we study here. We make use of public code, GMcalc and Higgstools, to perform global fits to the parameters of this model and obtain strong limits on the triplet vacuum expectation values, mixing angles, mass differences between the new heavy exotic Higgs bosons, as well as their decay width, at the 95% confidence level. For these new hypothetical scalars, we identify the dominant decay channels and extract bounds on their branching ratios from the global fits. We also examine the possible presence of a 95 GeV Higgs Boson in the SGM model.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788425</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2788425</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 06:10:14 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Yingnan Xu (Southern Methodist U. (main))</author>
<category>symmetry: custodial</category>
<category>Higgs particle: triplet</category>
<category>electroweak interaction: symmetry breaking</category>
<category>supersymmetry</category>
<category>Higgs mechanism</category>
<category>rho parameter</category>
<category>mixing angle</category>
<category>particle: exotic</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Experimental Demonstration of Superconducting Metamaterial Nonlinear Resonators With Well-Isolated Modes</title>
<description><span>The usual linear superconducting resonators (with equal frequency intervals between nearest-neighbor modes) are right-handed electromagnetic devices, wherein cross talks between the nearest-neighbor modes are practically unavoidable. Here, we demonstrate the nonlinear superconducting metamaterial resonators, wherein frequency intervals between the nearest-neighbor modes are unequal, by using the composite right/left-handed transmission lines. The microwave transport properties are analyzed by the developed real-space approach, instead of the usual equivalent circuit method. The devices are fabricated by using the usual electron beam evaporation technique, and their microwave transport parameters are measured at 50 mK temperature. The observations are basically consistent with the relevant theoretical predictions and also numerical simulations. Hopefully, the demonstrated nonlinear devices, with well-isolated modes, could be used to encode the superconducting qubits for microwave quantum information processing.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2784355</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2784355</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 08 May 2024 13:03:10 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Qing Tang, Peng Hui Ouyang, Ya Qiang Chai, Jia Xin He, Lian Fu Wei</author>
<category>Superconducting microwave devices</category>
<category>Resonators</category>
<category>Microwave theory and techniques</category>
<category>Microwave circuits</category>
<category>Microwave integrated circuits</category>
<category>Microwave FET integrated circuits</category>
<category>Superconducting transmission lines</category>
<category>Nonlinear Resonance</category>
<category>Metamaterial Resonator</category>
<category>Crosstalk</category>
<category>Numerical Simulations</category>
<category>Theoretical Predictions</category>
<category>Transport Properties</category>
<category>Transmission Line</category>
<category>Equivalent Method</category>
<category>Quantum Information</category>
<category>Electron Beam Evaporation</category>
<category>Frequency Interval</category>
<category>Nonlinear Devices</category>
<category>Electromagnetic Devices</category>
<category>Quality Factor</category>
<category>Wave Vector</category>
<category>Brillouin Zone</category>
<category>Superconductivity</category>
<category>Dispersion Relation</category>
<category>Vector Network Analyzer</category>
<category>High Electron Mobility Transistors</category>
<category>Josephson Junctions</category>
<category>Dilution Refrigerator</category>
<category>Adjacent Peaks</category>
<category>Capacitive Coupling</category>
<category>Higher-order Modes</category>
<category>Aluminum Film</category>
<category>Composite right-handed (RH)/left-handed (LH) transmission line resonator (TLR)</category>
<category>microwave quantum information processing (QIP)</category>
<category>mode isolation</category>
<category>$S_{21}$ -parameter</category>
<category>superconducting resonator</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Reliability Engineering of Cryocooler-Based HTS Magnets for FCC-ee</title>
<description><span>The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of reliable accelerator operation using a main ring based on a large number of superconducting magnets with individual cooling systems. This can be achieved by employing some redundancy within the cooling modules. Our specific targeted application concerns the possibility of using 2900 superconducting short straight sections as part of the FCC-ee main ring. These magnets are envisioned to be made from high temperature superconductor (ReBCO) operating at roughly 40 K. The high-reliability configurations consist of multiple single-stage Gifford-McMahon coldheads per magnet, allowing for continuous cooling even in the event of a failure in one of the coldheads. The main drawback of the redundancy is the extra heat load through the off-state cooler necks. Based on our calculations, the estimated reliability and availability of the total magnet ring's cryogenic cooling systems over a 1-year period are at least 0.994 and 0.999, respectively.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747479</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747479</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:58:02 GMT</pubDate>
<author>J. Kosse (PSI, Villigen), M. Koratzinos (PSI, Villigen, CERN), B. Auchmann (PSI, Villigen, CERN)</author>
<category>High-temperature superconductors</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Cooling</category>
<category>Reliability</category>
<category>Magnetic tunneling</category>
<category>Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy</category>
<category>Maintenance engineering</category>
<category>Cryogenics</category>
<category>reliability engineering</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>superconductivity: temperature: high</category>
<category>engineering</category>
<category>cryogenics</category>
<category>FCC-ee</category>
<category>performance</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Test Results From CD1 Short CCT Nb-Sn Dipole Demonstrator and Considerations About CCT Technology for the FCC-Hh Main Dipole</title>
<description><span>In this article, we attempt to summarize the 5-year long involvement of PSI through the CHART MagDev program with R&amp;D on the Canted Cosine Theta (CCT) technology as a candidate for an FCC-hh main dipole magnet. We present the test results of the Canted Dipole 1 (CD1) 1-m-long 10-T Nb$_{3}$Sn demonstrator magnet, as well as a subjective list of ‘pros and cons' of CCT for the FCC-hh that we compiled along the way. By sharing our conclusions, we hope to contribute to an ongoing discussion, while maintaining our utmost respect to the community of CCT developers. The presented findings and conclusions are not final, and we remain open to arguments and discussions, as well as technical exchanges on the topic.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747478</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747478</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:55:37 GMT</pubDate>
<author>B. Auchmann (PSI, Villigen, CERN), D.M. Araujo (PSI, Villigen), A. Brem (PSI, Villigen), M. Daly (PSI, Villigen), R. Felder (PSI, Villigen), J. Feuvrier (CERN), C. Hug (PSI, Villigen), O. Kirby (PSI, Villigen), F. Mangiarotti (CERN), A. Milanese (CERN), G. Montenero (PSI, Villigen), G. Rolando (PSI, Villigen), S. Sanfilippo (PSI, Villigen), S. Sidorov (PSI, Villigen)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Training</category>
<category>Windings</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Cable insulation</category>
<category>Manufacturing</category>
<category>Canted Cosine Theta (CCT)</category>
<category>FCC-hh</category>
<category>Nb $_\mathbf {3}$ Sn Accelerator Magnet</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>accelerator: magnet</category>
<category>FCC-hh</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>niobium: tin</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Magnesium Diboride Magnets for Future Particle Detectors</title>
<description><span>Since 1978, when the CELLO magnet was manufactured, superconducting detector magnets have been wound using NbTi based, Aluminum stabilized conductors. However, other choices are possible and Magnesium Diboride (MgB<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>) could be an attractive alternative. Magnets wound with MgB<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>can be operated at relatively high temperature (10 to 20 K), therefore increasing the cryogenics efficiency. Efficiency is not the only advantage in using MgB<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>instead of NbTi: higher operating temperature and higher temperature margin lead to higher enthalpy margin, which means very stable magnets. In addition, MgB<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>is much cheaper respect to High Temperature Superconductors. The cost comparison between Al stabilized NbTi magnets and MgB<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>magnets must be made considering the entire fabrication process.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747477</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747477</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:55:30 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Riccardo Musenich (INFN, Genoa), Andrea Bersani (INFN, Genoa), Michela Bracco (INFN, Genoa), Stefania Farinon (INFN, Genoa)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Conductors</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Detectors</category>
<category>Wires</category>
<category>Magnetic resonance imaging</category>
<category>Aluminum</category>
<category>Detector magnets</category>
<category>MgB $_2$</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Encoder-Less Acquisition System for Rotating-Coil Measurements</title>
<description><span>The established approach to rotating-coil measurements involves the integration of the induced voltage signal, triggered by an angular encoder, to re-parameterize the signal from time to the traveled arc length. The encoder is thus deemed necessary to ensure the rejection of speed variation errors. However, the encoder introduces additional constraints on the measurement system design and has limited performance in certain applications, such as field measurements at cryogenic temperatures. This paper presents an alternative method for rotating-coil measurement that does not require an angular encoder. The induction-coil signals themselves are used to reconstruct the rotation speed and the angular position. This is possible thanks to the field quality of particle accelerator magnets, with errors in the range of 10$^{-4}$ relative to the main field. The approach also leverages the compensation capabilities of induction-coil magnetometers. A feasibility study and a metrological characterization of a prototype system are presented, which includes phase-shifted coils and measurements of the absolute field orientation.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747476</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747476</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:54:59 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Piotr Rogacki (CERN), Lucio Fiscarelli (CERN), Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)</author>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Sensitivity</category>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Magnetometers</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Rotation measurement</category>
<category>Voltage measurement</category>
<category>Accelerators</category>
<category>induction coils</category>
<category>magnetic measurements</category>
<category>magnetometers</category>
<category>magnets</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Design of a Common Coil Magnet Using Existing Racetrack Model Coils (RMC)</title>
<description><span>The common coil configuration was one of the layouts studied as a candidate to build the required high-field magnets for future colliders, specifically FCC-hh at CERN. The design of the structure to support the large electromagnetic forces and the protection system have been identified as the main challenges. Racetrack model coils (RMC) have been used as successful tools for the R&amp;D of high-field superconducting accelerator mag-nets for more than a decade at CERN. In this article, a common coil magnet, named ISAAC, is designed using existing RMC coils. This approach will allow to build a common coil model magnet in a short time to validate the calculations and identify the weak points to overcome before addressing the challenge of building a 14 T common coil magnet demonstrator in CIEMAT premises. A preliminary study is carried out to compare results from common coil configuration with those obtained for the same RMC coils assembled in block configuration. More critical properties of magnetic design are discussed, and two design options are presented. Finally, the quench protection and mechanical design goals to be pursued are discussed.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747475</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747475</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:53:54 GMT</pubDate>
<author>J.A. García-Matos (Madrid, CIEMAT, Madrid, Escuela Tec. Sup. Ing. Ind., GIFT, Spain), C.Martins Jardim (Madrid, CIEMAT), F. Toral (Madrid, CIEMAT), S.Izquierdo Bermudez (CERN), J.C. Perez (CERN)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Magnetic flux</category>
<category>Geometry</category>
<category>Cable insulation</category>
<category>Common coil</category>
<category>magnetic design</category>
<category>racetrack model coils (RMC)</category>
<category>magnet: coil</category>
<category>coil: design</category>
<category>force: electromagnetic</category>
<category>FCC-hh</category>
<category>quenching</category>
<category>mechanics</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Design and Prototyping of a Novel Toroidal Magnet System for MOLLER Experiment at Jefferson Lab</title>
<description><span>The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) has designed a unique spectrometer system to measure the weak interaction between electrons. The experiment— Measurement of Lepton-Lepton Electroweak Reaction (MOLLER)—requires leveraging the recent 12 GeV electron beam upgrade and will run in JLab for three years. Focusing the signal for the MOLLER experiment requires five water-cooled toroidal magnets, each with unique geometry and with 7-fold symmetry. The five magnets operate in a vacuum and provide the magnetic field required to separate the incident beam electrons scattered from the target electrons (Møller scattering) and protons (elastic e-p scattering) in a liquid hydrogen target. The conceptual design was developed by the MOLLER Collaboration and was given to JLab in the form of amp turns and physical location, with additional physics requirements. This article presents prototyping of the coils and magnet support system and discusses the lessons learned during the process along with the plans for full magnet testing and installation. The JLab Magnet Group along with the MOLLER Collaboration developed the specification document that includes keep out zones to design the set of magnets. JLab contracted the design of the first toroid magnet (TM0) of the magnet system to Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The other four toroid magnets (TM1 through TM4) have been designed by JLab and are in the process of fabrication and assembly. Prototype coils of TM1-TM4 were fabricated by Everson-Tesla Incorporated, PA (USA). This article presents the unique challenges of the design, alignment, high current density, operating range, high radiation dose, and vacuum environment.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747474</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747474</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:53:33 GMT</pubDate>
<author>D. Kashy (Jefferson Lab), S. Gopinath (Jefferson Lab), E. Sun (Jefferson Lab), P. Ghoshal (Jefferson Lab), J. Fast (Jefferson Lab), M. Sinnott (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb), J. Lamont (Jefferson Lab), M.P. Dion (Jefferson Lab), R. Fair (Jefferson Lab), K. Kumar (Massachusetts U., Amherst), J. Mammei (Manitoba U.), R. Rajput-Ghoshal (Jefferson Lab), E. Ihloff (MIT, Bates Linear Accelerator)</author>
<category>Toroidal magnetic fields</category>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Conductors</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Stress</category>
<category>Magnetoelasticity</category>
<category>Epoxy</category>
<category>radiation</category>
<category>spectrometer</category>
<category>toroid</category>
<category>vacuum</category>
<category>water-cooled</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Development and Qualification of High Current Splices and Electrical Connections for the HL-LHC Magnets</title>
<description><span>The continuity of the 18, 13, and 2 kA circuits of the HL-LHC magnets heavily relies on splices and electrical connections, to which it is worth devoting a special attention from the early phases. This spans the design of the splice or connection itself, together with the tooling and related procedure, so that the execution can reliably yield high quality results. Mindful of the history of LHC splices, robustness and reproducibility of the execution solutions are two of the fundamental parameters that have guided the technical choices made during the development phase. The number of technical solutions considered is due to the variety of possible combinations, depending on the various nature and geometry of the superconducting cables to be joined together. This wide spectrum calls for a rigorous qualification protocol, including micrography, mechanical tests before and after fatigue stress and electrical tests at room and cryogenic temperature. The article will illustrate the choices made during the development phase for the 11 selected families of splices and electrical connections, together with their qualification process, while providing results and statistics from the mechanical and electrical tests campaigns.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747471</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747471</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:52:50 GMT</pubDate>
<author>R. Principe (CERN), S. Izquierdo-Bermudez (CERN), A. Milanese (CERN), H. Prin (CERN), S. Sgobba (CERN), E. Todesco (CERN)</author>
<category>Soldering</category>
<category>Resistance</category>
<category>Qualifications</category>
<category>Thermal resistance</category>
<category>Superconducting cables</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Stress</category>
<category>18 kA</category>
<category>2 kA circuits</category>
<category>accelerator</category>
<category>HL-LHC</category>
<category>Nb-Ti splices</category>
<category>splice resistance</category>
<category>superconducting magnet</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll: upgrade</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>current: high</category>
<category>statistics</category>
<category>power supply</category>
<category>electronics</category>
<category>electrical engineering</category>
<category>mechanics</category>
<category>quality</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Field Quality Analysis of the Separation-Recombination Dipole MBRD for the High-Luminosity Upgrade of LHC</title>
<description><span>The Main Bending Recombination Dipole (MBRD), or D2, is one of the magnets foreseen by the High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). D2 features a double aperture, Nb-Ti, cos <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta$</tex-math></inline-formula>dipole, with a central field of 4.5 T for a length of 7.78 m, hence with an integrated magnetic field of 35 T<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot$</tex-math></inline-formula>m, in a 105 mm bore. The project includes the fabrication of a 1.6 m long model, a full-length prototype and six series magnets, two of which are spare. Till now, the short model and the prototype have been successfully constructed and tested in 2020 and 2023, while the series magnets are presently under manufacturing and the warm magnetic measurements of the first built magnet were performed at the end of July 2023. This contribution will report the final field quality analysis of the prototype and the preliminary one of the series magnets, including results of the first measurements at room temperature (RT), a comparison with the ROXIE simulations and the expected field quality at operating conditions.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747470</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747470</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:52:48 GMT</pubDate>
<author>A. Pampaloni (INFN, Genoa), A. Bersani (INFN, Genoa), M. Bracco (INFN, Genoa, Genoa U.), B. Caiffi (INFN, Genoa), S. Farinon (INFN, Genoa), L. Fiscarelli (CERN), A. Foussat (CERN), A. Gagno (INFN, Genoa, Genoa U.), F. Levi (INFN, Genoa), G. Ninet (CERN), D. Novelli (INFN, Genoa, U. Rome La Sapienza (main)), N. Sala (INFN, Genoa), E. Todesco (CERN), G. Willering (CERN)</author>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Magnetic separation</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Prototypes</category>
<category>Harmonic analysis</category>
<category>Accelerator magnets</category>
<category>HL-LHC accelerator</category>
<category>magnetic measurements</category>
<category>recombination Nb-Ti dipole</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>CERN LHC Coll: upgrade</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>magnetic field: quality</category>
<category>recombination</category>
<category>magnetic field: field strength</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
<category>performance</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Design and Fabrication of a 13-T Twin-Aperture Superconducting Dipole Magnet With Graded Common-Coil Configuration</title>
<description><span>R&amp;D of high field accelerator magnets is ongoing at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHEP, CAS) for pre-study of the next-generation high energy colliders like Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC), Future Circular Collider (FCC) and etc. A 12.47-T main field at 4.2 K has been attained in 2021 within two 14-mm apertures of LPF1-U, a superconducting model dipole magnet with Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn &amp; NbTi combined common-coil configuration. Based on the experiences mastered in the LPF1 series magnets, a 16-T high field dipole magnet named LPF3 has been designed, fabricated and is in the performance test process. LPF3 is also a combined magnet with six racetrack Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn coils outside, expected to provide a 13-T main field within two 50-mm apertures, and with inserted HTS coils to enhance the field up to 16 T or even higher. The 13-T Nb<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>Sn dipole magnet, named LPF3-LTS, incorporates a graded common-coil configuration to enhance superconductor efficiency. The optimization of coil layouts includes varying bending radii (BR) and lengths of straight sections (LSS) to mitigate field accumulation in the outer four coils near the central posts and coil ends, respectively. Several Rutherford cables over 200 meters were fabricated for the coils winding, and with the maximum strands count of 42. The support structure for LPF3-LTS has adopted a shell-based design, with an improved “Bladder &amp; Key” technology. Dedicated hydraulic pistons were investigated and utilized to replace the traditional bladders. The main design characteristics, fabrication process and some preliminary test results of the magnet are presented in this paper.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747469</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747469</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:52:39 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Chengtao Wang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Ze Feng (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Yingzhe Wang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Jinrui Shi (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Wei Li (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Rui Ma (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Yaqiang Wang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Hongjun Zhang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Kai Liao (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Chunyan Li (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Juan Wang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Rui Kang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Huan Yang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Jin Zhou (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.), Xin Chen (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.), Ling Zhao (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS), Qingjin Xu (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys., Beijing, GUCAS)</author>
<category>Coils</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Power cables</category>
<category>Superconducting cables</category>
<category>Optimization</category>
<category>Apertures</category>
<category>Windings</category>
<category>Accelerator</category>
<category>dipole</category>
<category>high field</category>
<category>hybrid configuration</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
<category>niobium: tin</category>
<category>niobium: titanium</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
<category>optimization</category>
<category>FCC</category>
<category>performance</category>
<category>mechanical engineering</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Magnetic Field Measurement of Superconducting Transport Solenoid for COMET</title>
<description><span>The COMET experiment, currently under construction at J-PARC, aims to explore the process of muon-to-electron conversion in a nucleus. This phenomenon, known as charged-lepton flavor violation, is an elementary process beyond the Standard Model. The muon beam is produced from pion decays generated by bombarding a proton beam on a target and corrected and transported from the production target to a stopping target in a detector with superconducting solenoid magnets. Their momentum is selected by a curved solenoid field (3 T) and dipole field (0.05 T) in the Muon Transport Solenoid (MTS), which has a diameter of 468 mm and a curvature radius of 3 m with a bending angle of 90 degrees. We energized the solenoid up to 105 A and the dipole to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>175 A in the summer of 2022. Although the solenoid was operated at a half of its design value (210 A) due to the limitation of the support structure, this commissioning provided a sufficient current for the subsequent engineering beam operation (Phase-<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>) to be conducted successfully. We performed in-situ magnetic measurements of the curved solenoid with Hall probes and compared them to 3D calculations. The paper describes the scheme and results of the magnetic filed measurement in MTS.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747468</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747468</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:52:15 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Y. Arimoto (KEK, Tsukuba), K. Aoki (KEK, Tsukuba), N. Ohuchi (KEK, Tsukuba), N. Sumi (KEK, Tsukuba), M. Yoshida (KEK, Tsukuba), K. Sasaki (KEK, Tsukuba), M. Iio (KEK, Tsukuba), Y. Makida (KEK, Tsukuba), S. Mihara (KEK, Tsukuba)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic field measurement</category>
<category>Three-dimensional displays</category>
<category>Magnetic shielding</category>
<category>Magnetic noise</category>
<category>Solenoids</category>
<category>Probes</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>solenoid</category>
<category>muon beam</category>
<category>mu-e conversion</category>
<category>COMET</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>shielding: magnetic</category>
<category>muon: beam</category>
<category>beam transport</category>
<category>magnet: solenoid</category>
<category>noise: magnetic</category>
<category>solenoid: superconductivity</category>
<category>COMET</category>
<category>magnetic field</category>
<category>curvature</category>
<category>engineering</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>MADMAX Cryogenic Stability: Preliminary Design of the Macumba Demo-Coil for Physics</title>
<description><span>The objective of the MADMAX project, led by the Max Planck Institute, is to detect axion dark matter with a mass of ∼100 µeV. To amplify the detection signal of the photons, induced by the axion conversion, the MADMAX dipole must produce ∼9 T within a 1.35 m aperture where a booster, the signal amplifier, is located. At the current stage of the project a demonstrator, Macumba, is needed for various reasons, i) to show that nominal current operation can be reached with MADMAX, ii) to practice coil fabrication, iii) to train the team that will be in charge of the MADMAX operation at DESY and iv) to start learning about the axion physics. Here is presented the design of the Macumba demonstrator magnet that targets operating conditions close to the final magnet in terms of loadline, mechanical constraints and heat generation. The structure and conductor of the demonstrator must be similar to a MADMAX coil to face the same fabrication issue as for MADMAX coils. This would allow improving the manufacturing procedures and tooling. In addition, Macumba magnet produces a physic-compatible magnetic field in an aperture able to host an R&amp;D booster in preparation for the operation at DESY.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747467</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747467</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:51:45 GMT</pubDate>
<author>C. Lorin (Saclay), W.Abdel Maksoud (Saclay), C. Berriaud (Saclay), V. Calvelli (Saclay), G. Dilasser (Saclay), J.P. Lottin (Saclay), F. Nunio (Saclay), T. Pontarollo (Saclay), F. Stacchi (Saclay)</author>
<category>Conductors</category>
<category>Heating systems</category>
<category>Helium</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic tunneling</category>
<category>Enthalpy</category>
<category>Cryogenics</category>
<category>Axion</category>
<category>CICC</category>
<category>detector magnet</category>
<category>heat extraction</category>
<category>Nb-Ti</category>
<category>superfluid</category>
<category>coil: fabrication</category>
<category>MADMAX</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>stability</category>
<category>bending magnet</category>
<category>cryogenics</category>
<category>engineering</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Development of the Aluminum Stabilized Superconductor for CEPC Detector Magnet</title>
<description><span>A huge superconducting magnet is proposed for the future detector of Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IHEP,CAS). The design center field of CEPC detector magnet is 3 Tesla, the coil length is 7.6 m, and the free bore is 7.2 m. The coil is divided into five modules, with each module consisting of four layers of Al-stabilized Rutherford type conductor winding. An Aluminum stabilized Rutherford type conductor with the box configuration is developed for the CEPC detector magnet. This article presents R&amp;D process and the main features of the Al-stabilized superconductor.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747466</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747466</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:51:34 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Ling Zhao (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.), Menglin Wang (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.), Zhilong Hou (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.), Feipeng Ning (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.), Zian Zhu (Hefei, CUST), Yu Zhao (Jiangnan U.), Hean Liao (Jiangnan U.)</author>
<category>Superconducting cables</category>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Conductors</category>
<category>Welding</category>
<category>Superconducting magnetic energy storage</category>
<category>Detectors</category>
<category>Superconducting coils</category>
<category>Aluminum stabilized conductor</category>
<category>detector magnet</category>
<category>CEPC</category>
<category>Rutherford cable</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>magnetic field: field strength</category>
<category>CEPC</category>
<category>coil</category>
<category>aluminum</category>
<category>stability</category>
<category>mechanical engineering</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>High-Field Magnets for Axion Dark Matter Detection</title>
<description><span>The universe is mainly filled with dark matter, which nature remains unknown. A particularly interesting hypothesis is that it is made of new light particles called axions. Their detection requires intense magnetic fields. In this paper, we present the results of measurements at 4.2 K (LHe bath) in self-field of two High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) REBCO single pancakes of about 800 turns from two different manufacturers. Those prototypes have been fabricated and tested to evaluate the latest present-day performances of HTS tapes suitable for the project. An axial magnetic induction of about 19 T has been reached with an operating current of 1400 A. The magnet survived to a quench at full energy (around 2050 A/mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>in the winding pack and 26 T peak field on the tape), which confirmed that the NI single pancake coil are effectively self-protected at such strong working conditions. However, we also confirmed that there are complexities, particularly in the mechanical and cryogenic areas, that have to be considered in the machine design.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747463</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2747463</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 08:51:06 GMT</pubDate>
<author>C. Genot (IRFU, Saclay), T. Lécrevisse (IRFU, Saclay), P. Fazilleau (IRFU, Saclay), P. Brun (IRFU, Saclay), L. Chevalier (IRFU, Saclay), T. Barabe (IRFU, Saclay), R. Correia-Machado (IRFU, Saclay)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>High-temperature superconductors</category>
<category>Heating systems</category>
<category>Power supplies</category>
<category>Magnetic tunneling</category>
<category>Conductivity</category>
<category>Windings</category>
<category>Dark matter</category>
<category>high-temperature superconductors (HTS)</category>
<category>no-Insulation (NI) coil</category>
<category>REBCO tape</category>
<category>self-protecting</category>
<category>axion: dark matter</category>
<category>axion: detector</category>
<category>magnet: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet: design</category>
<category>magnetic field: field strength</category>
<category>induction</category>
<category>performance</category>
<category>cryogenics</category>
<category>fabrication</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Dark Matter: Evidence, Theory, and Constraints</title>
<description><span>This book provides an incisive, self-contained introduction to one of the most intriguing subjects in modern physics, presenting the evidence we have from astrophysics for the existence of dark matter, the theories for what it could be, and the cutting-edge experimental and observational methods for testing them. It begins with a survey of the astrophysical phenomena, from rotation curves to lensing and cosmological structure formation. It goes on to offer the most comprehensive overview available of all three major theories, discussing weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), axions, and primordial black holes. The book explains the constraints on each theory, such as direct detection and indirect astrophysical limits, and enables students to build physical intuition using hands-on exercises and supplemental&nbsp;material.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2746879</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2746879</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jan 2024 11:33:06 GMT</pubDate>
<author>David J.E. Marsh (King's Coll. London), David Ellis (Unlisted), Viraf M. Mehta (Gottingen U., New York U., CCPP)</author>
</item>
<item>
<title>Coil Design for Strongly Curved Magnets Based on the Differential Geometry of the Frenet Frame Coil Design for Strongly Curved Magnets Based on the Di...</title>
<description><span>Recent accelerator projects for radiation-therapy centers demand strongly curved magnets in transfer lines and gantries. Several advances have been achieved in designing and manufacturing strongly curved, cosine-theta, and canted-cosine-theta type magnets. This article presents a new computer-aided design (CAD) engine for generating coil geometries for various types of mandrel surfaces (elliptical, curved, conical) and interfacing with field simulation software as well as CAD tools. The CAD engine is based on the differential geometry of the Frenet frame and allows the analytical computation of the curvature parameters, such as curvature, twist, and torsion. Applying the theory of developable surfaces it is possible to generate conductor geometries with zero Gaussian curvature, which are particularly interesting for strain-sensitive supercondors such as high-temperature superconductor tapes.</span><br><span>Recent accelerator projects for radiation-therapy centers demand strongly curved magnets in transfer lines and gantries. Several advances have been achieved in designing and manufacturing strongly curved, cosine-theta, and canted-cosine-theta type magnets. This article presents a new computer-aided design (CAD) engine for generating coil geometries for various types of mandrel surfaces (elliptical, curved, conical) and interfacing with field simulation software as well as CAD tools. The CAD engine is based on the differential geometry of the Frenet frame and allows the analytical computation of the curvature parameters, such as curvature, twist, and torsion. Applying the theory of developable surfaces it is possible to generate conductor geometries with zero Gaussian curvature, which are particularly interesting for strain-sensitive supercondors such as high-temperature superconductor tapes.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2739567</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2739567</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 21 Dec 2023 09:30:52 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Melvin Liebsch (CERN), Stephan Russenschuck (CERN)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Windings</category>
<category>Geometry</category>
<category>Splines (mathematics)</category>
<category>High-temperature superconductors</category>
<category>Conductors</category>
<category>Bending</category>
<category>Accelerator magnets</category>
<category>computer aided engineering</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>HTS magnets</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Fifteen Years of Operation of the Compact Muon Solenoid Detector Superconducting Magnet Fifteen Years of Operation of the Compact Muon Solenoid Detect...</title>
<description><span>The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector magnet has been in operation since 2008 at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It will have to operate until the end of the High-Luminosity LHC run, beyond 2040. The CMS magnet comprises a large superconducting solenoid coil providing a magnetic field of 3.8 T with a free bore of 6 m in diameter and a length of 12.5 m. The coil is constructed with an aluminium stabilized Rutherford Nb-Ti/Cu cable and operates at 4 K with indirect conduction cooling in thermosiphon mode with boiling helium. The magnet reached 4 T and a record stored energy of 2.6 GJ when it was commissioned in 2006 in the surface hall at CERN Point 5. It was then transferred in 2007 to the underground experimental area, where it was recommissioned and successfully operated at a nominal field of 3.8 T since then. A summary of the magnet operating data is presented in this paper along with the observed progressive change of the Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR) of the pure aluminium conductor stabilizer as a function of operating cycles and magnet warm-ups. The technical problems encountered, and the solutions implemented with the cryogenics and the vacuum pumping of the cryostat are described, as well as the upgrades carried out during the LHC shutdown periods on the control system, the cryogenics and the powering circuit where a freewheel thyristor system has been implemented.</span><br><span>The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector magnet has been in operation since 2008 at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It will have to operate until the end of the High-Luminosity LHC run, beyond 2040. The CMS magnet comprises a large superconducting solenoid coil providing a magnetic field of 3.8 T with a free bore of 6 m in diameter and a length of 12.5 m. The coil is constructed with an aluminium stabilized Rutherford Nb-Ti/Cu cable and operates at 4 K with indirect conduction cooling in thermosiphon mode with boiling helium. The magnet reached 4 T and a record stored energy of 2.6 GJ when it was commissioned in 2006 in the surface hall at CERN Point 5. It was then transferred in 2007 to the underground experimental area, where it was recommissioned and successfully operated at a nominal field of 3.8 T since then. A summary of the magnet operating data is presented in this paper along with the observed progressive change of the Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR) of the pure aluminium conductor stabilizer as a function of operating cycles and magnet warm-ups. The technical problems encountered, and the solutions implemented with the cryogenics and the vacuum pumping of the cryostat are described, as well as the upgrades carried out during the LHC shutdown periods on the control system, the cryogenics and the powering circuit where a freewheel thyristor system has been implemented.</span></description>
<link>https://inspirehep.net/literature/2739067</link>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://inspirehep.net/literature/2739067</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 Dec 2023 14:33:53 GMT</pubDate>
<author>Benoit Curé (CERN), Gilles Le Godec (CERN), Maciej Ostrega (CERN), Udo Wagner (CERN)</author>
<category>Superconducting magnets</category>
<category>Magnetic levitation</category>
<category>Magnetic circuits</category>
<category>Magnetomechanical effects</category>
<category>Magnetic shielding</category>
<category>Magnetic noise</category>
<category>Large Hadron Collider</category>
<category>Aluminium-stabilized superconductors</category>
<category>detector magnet</category>
<category>superconducting magnets</category>
<category>activity report</category>
<category>solenoid: superconductivity</category>
<category>magnet</category>
<category>CMS</category>
<category>cryogenics</category>
<category>control system</category>
<category>power supply</category>
<category>performance</category>
</item>
<item>
<title>Optimizing Secondary CLIQ for Protecting High-Field Accelerator Magnets Optimizing Secondary CLIQ for Protecting High-Field Accelerator Magnets</title>
<description><span>Future circular particle accelerators with collision energies significantly beyond the LHC will require magnets with higher magnetic field. Quench protection of such magnets is challenging for two main reasons. First, the high energy density and relatively high margin to quench require a high-performance quench protection system. Second, integration of the protection system in an accelerator machine foreseen to be operated for decades calls for easy-to-integrate, robust, and redundant elements. A new and promising protection method named Secondary CLIQ (S-CLIQ) has recently been proposed. It relies on auxiliary normal-conducting coils that are electrically insulated from the coils to protect but are magnetically coupled to them. Upon magnet quench detection, the coupled coils have dual functionality: first, they introduce high coupling loss in the superconductor, which is sufficient to transfer most of the windings to the normal state in a few milliseconds; second, they extract part of the magnet's stored energy by magnetic coupling. In this work, a S-CLIQ system based on auxiliary coils placed on the top and bottom of a racetrack magnet and made of a thin 1 mm<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">& |
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