doc: add cli design document for 0.13 (#1931)

* starting

* update conduit

* updates

* fix and examples

* Update 20241024-conduit-cli.md

* more updates

* updtes

* md fixes

* split lines

* updates

* more fixes

* more fixes

* fixes

* fix `conduit config`

* update

* add connector-plugins

* add processor plugins

* fix

* 👋🏻 👨🏻‍⚕️

* add missing info

* fix empty lines 🫡

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Co-authored-by: Lovro Mažgon <[email protected]>