New token validation model: Simplify stack frame caching (#2976)

* Added methods to ValidationError to simplify the caching of StackFrame objects by using a concurrent dictionary

* Changed methods to be internal

src/Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens/InternalAPI.Unshipped.txt

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenTypeValidationError.TokenTypeValidationError
 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenTypeValidationError._invalidTokenType -> string
 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenValidationParameters.TimeProvider.get -> System.TimeProvider
 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenValidationParameters.TimeProvider.set -> void
+Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationError.AddCurrentStackFrame(string filePath = "", int lineNumber = 0, int skipFrames = 1) -> Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationError
 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationError.GetException(System.Type exceptionType, System.Exception innerException) -> System.Exception
 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationParameters.TokenTypeValidator.get -> Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenTypeValidationDelegate
 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationParameters.TokenTypeValidator.set -> void
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ static Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AudienceValidationError.ValidateAudienceFa
 static Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AudienceValidationError.ValidationParametersAudiencesCountZero -> System.Diagnostics.StackFrame
 static Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AudienceValidationError.ValidationParametersNull -> System.Diagnostics.StackFrame
 static Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.Utility.SerializeAsSingleCommaDelimitedString(System.Collections.Generic.IList<string> strings) -> string
+static Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationError.GetCurrentStackFrame(string filePath = "", int lineNumber = 0, int skipFrames = 1) -> System.Diagnostics.StackFrame
 static readonly Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationFailureType.NoTokenAudiencesProvided -> Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationFailureType
 static readonly Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationFailureType.NoValidationParameterAudiencesProvided -> Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationFailureType
 static readonly Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationFailureType.SignatureAlgorithmValidationFailed -> Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidationFailureType

src/Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens/Validation/Results/Details/ValidationError.cs

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Logging;
 
 namespace Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ internal Exception GetException(Type exceptionType, Exception innerException)
             if (innerException == null && InnerValidationError == null)
             {
                 if (exceptionType == typeof(SecurityTokenArgumentNullException))
-                    return new SecurityTokenArgumentNullException(MessageDetail.Message);
+                    exception = new SecurityTokenArgumentNullException(MessageDetail.Message);
                 else if (exceptionType == typeof(SecurityTokenInvalidAudienceException))
                     exception = new SecurityTokenInvalidAudienceException(MessageDetail.Message);
                 else if (exceptionType == typeof(SecurityTokenInvalidIssuerException))
@@ -187,6 +189,11 @@ internal Exception GetException(Type exceptionType, Exception innerException)
                 }
             }
 
+            if (exception is SecurityTokenException securityTokenException)
+                securityTokenException.SetValidationError(this);
+            else if (exception is SecurityTokenArgumentNullException securityTokenArgumentNullException)
+                securityTokenArgumentNullException.SetValidationError(this);
+
             return exception;
         }
 
@@ -236,5 +243,41 @@ public ValidationError AddStackFrame(StackFrame stackFrame)
             StackFrames.Add(stackFrame);
             return this;
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the current stack frame to the list of stack frames and returns the updated object.
+        /// If there is no cache entry for the given file path and line number, a new stack frame is created and added to the cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">The path to the file from which this method is called. Captured automatically by default.</param>
+        /// <param name="lineNumber">The line number from which this method is called. CAptured automatically by default.</param>
+        /// <param name="skipFrames">The number of stack frames to skip when capturing. Used to avoid capturing this method and get the caller instead.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated object.</returns>
+        internal ValidationError AddCurrentStackFrame([CallerFilePath] string filePath = "", [CallerLineNumber] int lineNumber = 0, int skipFrames = 1)
+        {
+            // We add 1 to the skipped frames to skip the current method
+            StackFrames.Add(GetCurrentStackFrame(filePath, lineNumber, skipFrames + 1));
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the stack frame corresponding to the file path and line number from which this method is called.
+        /// If there is no cache entry for the given file path and line number, a new stack frame is created and added to the cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">The path to the file from which this method is called. Captured automatically by default.</param>
+        /// <param name="lineNumber">The line number from which this method is called. CAptured automatically by default.</param>
+        /// <param name="skipFrames">The number of stack frames to skip when capturing. Used to avoid capturing this method and get the caller instead.</param>
+        /// <returns>The captured stack frame.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>If this is called from a helper method, consider adding an extra skip frame to avoid capturing the helper instead.</remarks>
+        internal static StackFrame GetCurrentStackFrame(
+            [CallerFilePath] string filePath = "", [CallerLineNumber] int lineNumber = 0, int skipFrames = 1)
+        {
+            // String is allocated, but it goes out of scope immediately after the call
+            string key = filePath + lineNumber;
+            StackFrame frame = CachedStackFrames.GetOrAdd(key, new StackFrame(skipFrames, true));
+            return frame;
+        }
+
+        // ConcurrentDictionary is thread-safe and only locks when adding a new item.
+        private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, StackFrame> CachedStackFrames { get; } = new();
     }
 }

test/Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.Tests/Validation/ValidationErrorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.Tests
+{
+    public class ValidationErrorTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void ExceptionCreatedFromValidationError_ContainsTheRightStackTrace()
+        {
+            var validationError = new ValidationErrorReturningClass().firstMethod();
+            Assert.NotNull(validationError);
+            Assert.NotNull(validationError.StackFrames);
+            Assert.Equal(3, validationError.StackFrames.Count);
+            Assert.NotNull(validationError.GetException());
+            Assert.NotNull(validationError.GetException().StackTrace);
+            Assert.Equal("thirdMethod", validationError.StackFrames[0].GetMethod().Name);
+            Assert.Equal("secondMethod", validationError.StackFrames[1].GetMethod().Name);
+            Assert.Equal("firstMethod", validationError.StackFrames[2].GetMethod().Name);
+        }
+        class ValidationErrorReturningClass
+        {
+            public ValidationError firstMethod()
+            {
+                return secondMethod().AddCurrentStackFrame();
+            }
+
+            public ValidationError secondMethod()
+            {
+                return thirdMethod().AddCurrentStackFrame();
+            }
+
+            public ValidationError thirdMethod()
+            {
+                return new ValidationError(
+                    new MessageDetail("This is a test error"),
+                    ValidationFailureType.NullArgument,
+                    typeof(SecurityTokenArgumentNullException),
+                    ValidationError.GetCurrentStackFrame());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}